Populations - Distribution and Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties of populations (5)?

A

Geographic range, abundance, density, dispersion, dispersal

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2
Q

How are populations measured?

A

Census, quadrat, mark-recapture

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3
Q

What are the types of population growth models?

A

Density independent (exponential) and density dependent (logistic)

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4
Q

Why are population dynamics important for conservation and resource management?

A

If how populations change in response to their conditions is understood, then populations can be managed by manipulating the conditions

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5
Q

How can you distinguish individuals from populations?

A

Can be difficult to distinguish, so must be defined by the study.

Genetically identical individuals may be linked by runners. Genets are composed of ramets.

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6
Q

What can the spatial distribution of a population tell us about its behaviour and ecology?

A

Spatial distribution tells us where the specie’s favourable habitats are - favourable as in close to good foraging spots, protected, beneficial interactions with other species.

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7
Q

Populations can be either ________ or ________, and measured at ________ or ________ time intervals.

A

Populations can be either open or closed, and measured at discrete or continuous time intervals.

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8
Q

Density-independent

A

Exponential growth, population size limited by chance abiotic factors (ex. flooding, fire)

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9
Q

Density-dependent

A

Logistic growth, population size limited by competition for resources

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10
Q

Population

A

Individuals of the same species co-occurring in time and space, dynamic

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11
Q

Population dynamics

A

Models that predict how populations will change over time and space

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12
Q

Genet

A

Genetically distinct individual, composed of ramets

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13
Q

Ramet

A

Genetically identical sub-individuals of a genet

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14
Q

Geographic range

A

Area encompassing all individuals of a species. Limited by temperature, rainfall, geographic boundaries (ex. mountains, oceans)

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15
Q

Geographic range: distribution

A

Presence or absence of a species depending on environmental conditions

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16
Q

Geographic range: scale

A

Spatial extent that is relavent to study

17
Q

Abundance

A

Count of individuals (function of density)

18
Q

Density

A

Abundance per unit of area

19
Q

Dispersion

A

Spacing of individuals in relation to one another in response to abiotic/biotic factors

20
Q

Types of dispersion (3)

A

Random, clumped, uniform

21
Q

Dispersal

A

Movement of individuals between places… but not migration

22
Q

Census

A

Counting every individual

23
Q

Quadrat

A

Count every individual in a smaller area

24
Q

Mark-recapture

A

Number of recaptures proportional to the population size

N = (M x C) / R

population estimate = (1st captures x new captures) / recaptures

25
Q

Define these equation terms:
N =
b =
d =
t =
i =
e =

A

N = number of individuals
b = number of births
d = number of deaths
t = time
i = immigrants (entering)
e = emigrants (leaving)

26
Q

Closed population

A

Isolated from other populations. Only affected by b and d

27
Q

Open population

A

Individuals may leave, enter, or stay in the population. Affected by births, immigration, deaths, and emigration.

28
Q

Is it reasonable to assume a closed population?

A

Usually, yes. Emigration and immigration are tiny factors compared to births and deaths.

29
Q

Continuous time scales

A

Births and deaths are recorded all the time

30
Q

Discrete time scales

A

Births and deaths are recorded at discrete intervals

31
Q

Intrinsic growth rate

A

r
Ideal/maximum growth rate

32
Q

Density independent model

Define the two types

A

Exponential, ideal growth rate, determines doubling rate, J-shaped curve

r is used in continuous time models, and lambda is used in discrete time models (accounts for seasonal effects)

33
Q

Density dependent model

A

Logistic, limited by carrying capacity (k), S-shaped curve