Populations Flashcards

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1
Q

Define abiotic factor

A

Non-living conditions in a habitat

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2
Q

Define biotic factor

A

Living components of an ecosystem

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3
Q

Define limiting factor

A

A component which prevents the rate of a process getting any greater

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4
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that an environment can support

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5
Q

Give 3 examples of limiting factors for population size

A
  • disease
  • build up of toxic by-products
  • availability of water/food
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6
Q

What is stage 1 of the standard growth curve called?

A

Lag phase

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7
Q

What happens in the lag phase?

A
  • occurs due to acclimatisation
  • low reproduction rate
  • death rate lower than birth rate
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8
Q

What is stage 2 of the standard growth curve called?

A

Exponential phase

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9
Q

What happens in the exponential phase?

A
  • rate depends on intrinsic rate of increase

- population grows rapidly

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10
Q

What is stage 3 of the standard growth curve called?

A

Stationary phase

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11
Q

What occurs in the stationary phase?

A
  • death rate=birth rate
  • carrying capacity reached
  • slight increases and decreases occur
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12
Q

Define density independent factors

A

Factors that have an effect on the whole population regardless of its size

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13
Q

Give 3 examples of density independent factors

A
  • Light intensity
  • Temperature
  • Climate
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14
Q

Define density dependent factors

A

Factors whose effects on the size or growth of the population vary with the population density

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15
Q

Give an example of a density dependent factor

A

Availability of food/water

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16
Q

Define intraspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of the same species

17
Q

Define interspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of different species

18
Q

What is the competitive exclusion principle?

A

Two species competing for the exact same resources cannot coexist, the one that uses the resources more effectively will ultimately eliminate the other