Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the function of carbohydrates?
To provide energy. This can be immediately (e.g. glucose) or as stored energy (e.g. glycogen in animals and starch in plants).
What are the 3 broad groups carbohydrates can be split into?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
What is the general formula for monosaccharides?
Cn(H2O)n
What properties must a substance have to be classed as a sugar?
- Must dissolve in water
- Must be crystalline
- Must be sweet to taste
Are all monosaccharides classed as sugars?
Yes
What is the general name for monosaccharides containing:
a) 3 carbons
b) 5 carbons
c) 6 carbons
a) triose
b) pentose
c) hexose
Give an example of a 3 carbon sugar
G3P
How is sucrose formed?
A condensation reaction between alpha glucose and fructose
What hydrolyses sucrose?
Sucrase
Give 3 examples of disaccharides
Maltose, sucrose, and lactose
What kind of bond forms between sugars in a condensation reaction?
A glycosidic bond
How is maltose formed?
From a condensation reaction between two alpha glucose molecules
What hydrolyses maltose?
Maltase
How do two alpha glucose molecules bond to form maltose?
There is a reaction between the hydroxyl group of Carbon 1 of one molecule and Carbon 4 of the other molecule (be careful to specify C1 of one molecule and C4 of another)
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Is the bond formed in the condensation reaction of alpha glucose above or below the plane of the ring?
Below
Give the two functions of polysaccharides
1) Energy storage
2) Structure in the form of cellulose in plant cell walls or chitin in insect wings and fungi walls
In what form is energy stored in:
i) plant cells
ii) animal cells
i) Starch
ii) Glycogen