Cell Structure/ Protein Production Flashcards
Define Eukaryotic cells
Cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Define ultrastructure
The structures within a cell which can be seen by using an electron microscope
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains genetic information in the form of DNA
What is the function of the nucleolus?
To produce ribosomes
What is the function of mitochondria?
The site of aerobic respiration and ATP production
What is the function of vesicles?
To store and transport molecules
What is the function of lysosomes?
To break down waste materials in cells
What is the function of centrioles?
To assemble and organise spindle fibres during cell division
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The synthesis and transport of protein
Define prokaryotic cell
A cell with no membrane-bound nucleus or organelles
What is the function of ribosomes?
The site of protein synthesis
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Modifies proteins and ‘packages’ them into vesicles
What is the function of the cell wall?
Supports the individual cell and in plants the plant as a whole
What is the function of the vacuole?
Makes the cell turgid by pushing against the cell wall, helps to support the plant
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis which produces carbohydrates
What is the function of cilia?
Move mucus through sweeping movements
What is the function of flagella?
Used for movement of the cell
What is the outer membrane of the vacuole called?
Tonoplast
What are the function of plasmids?
Used to confer beneficial genes between bacterial cells
How are ribosomes different in prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells?
-Ribosomes are smaller (70s) in prokaryotic cells whereas they are larger 80s ribosomes in eukaryotic cells
How is genetic material stored in prokaryotes?
In a single large chromosome rather than in a membrane bound nucleus
Not wrapped around histone proteins
What are microvilli used for?
cells whose main function is absorption of small molecules
What is the function of pili?
To attach prokaryotes to specific surfaces and other cells
What is the order organelles are used in protein production?
-ribosomes on RER
-cisternae of RER
-transport vesicles
via cytoskeleton
-golgi apparatus cis face then trans face
-secretory vesicles
What is the role of the smooth ER in protein production?
Trick question- it isn’t used
What is the role of the golgi apparatus in protein production?
Structurally modifies proteins
What is the role of the rough ER in protein production?
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
- The cisternae packages the proteins into transport vesicles
On which bit of the golgi appartatus do proteins enter?
Cis face
On which part of the golgi apparatus do proteins leave from?
Trans face
What are used to carry proteins that are to be released from the cell?
Secretory vesicles
How are vesicles transported within the cell?
Via the cytoskeleton
How are proteins released from the cell?
Via exocytosis
What happens when the secretory vesicles reach the plasma membrane?
The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents by exocytosis
When does protein production occur?
-occurs after transcription
