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OCR A level biology > Cell Structure/ Protein Production > Flashcards

Cell Structure/ Protein Production Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

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2
Q

Define ultrastructure

A

The structures within a cell which can be seen by using an electron microscope

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains genetic information in the form of DNA

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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

To produce ribosomes

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5
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

The site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

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6
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

To store and transport molecules

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7
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

To break down waste materials in cells

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8
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

To assemble and organise spindle fibres during cell division

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9
Q

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage

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10
Q

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The synthesis and transport of protein

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11
Q

Define prokaryotic cell

A

A cell with no membrane-bound nucleus or organelles

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12
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

The site of protein synthesis

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13
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Modifies proteins and ‘packages’ them into vesicles

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14
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supports the individual cell and in plants the plant as a whole

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15
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Makes the cell turgid by pushing against the cell wall, helps to support the plant

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16
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis which produces carbohydrates

17
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

Move mucus through sweeping movements

18
Q

What is the function of flagella?

A

Used for movement of the cell

19
Q

What is the outer membrane of the vacuole called?

A

Tonoplast

20
Q

What are the function of plasmids?

A

Used to confer beneficial genes between bacterial cells

21
Q

How are ribosomes different in prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells?

A

-Ribosomes are smaller (70s) in prokaryotic cells whereas they are larger 80s ribosomes in eukaryotic cells

22
Q

How is genetic material stored in prokaryotes?

A

In a single large chromosome rather than in a membrane bound nucleus
Not wrapped around histone proteins

23
Q

What are microvilli used for?

A

cells whose main function is absorption of small molecules

24
Q

What is the function of pili?

A

To attach prokaryotes to specific surfaces and other cells

25
Q

What is the order organelles are used in protein production?

A

-ribosomes on RER
-cisternae of RER
-transport vesicles
via cytoskeleton
-golgi apparatus cis face then trans face
-secretory vesicles

26
Q

What is the role of the smooth ER in protein production?

A

Trick question- it isn’t used

27
Q

What is the role of the golgi apparatus in protein production?

A

Structurally modifies proteins

28
Q

What is the role of the rough ER in protein production?

A
  • Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

- The cisternae packages the proteins into transport vesicles

29
Q

On which bit of the golgi appartatus do proteins enter?

A

Cis face

30
Q

On which part of the golgi apparatus do proteins leave from?

A

Trans face

31
Q

What are used to carry proteins that are to be released from the cell?

A

Secretory vesicles

32
Q

How are vesicles transported within the cell?

A

Via the cytoskeleton

33
Q

How are proteins released from the cell?

A

Via exocytosis

34
Q

What happens when the secretory vesicles reach the plasma membrane?

A

The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents by exocytosis

35
Q

When does protein production occur?

A

-occurs after transcription

OCR A level biology (44 decks)

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