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AP Human Geography > Population Vocabulary - Unit 2 > Flashcards

Population Vocabulary - Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Age distribution

A

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population.

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2
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The “carrying capacity” of an area refers to the maximum number of people who can be realistically sustained by the geography of that area.

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3
Q

Cohort

A

A population group that’s distinguished by a certain characteristic.

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4
Q

Demographic equation

A

The formula that calculates population change.

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5
Q

Demographic momentum

A

This is the tendency for the growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution.

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6
Q

Demographic Transition model

A

A tool demographers use to categorize countries’ population growth rates and economic structures.

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7
Q

Dependency ratio

A

Reflects the number of people in a country whose labor supports the rest of the country that is incapable of working.

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8
Q

Doubling time

A

It is the projected amount of time that it will take for a given population to double.

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9
Q

Ecumene

A

This is used to describe land that is permanently populated by human society.

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10
Q

Epidemiological Transition model

A

Distinctive cases of death in each stage of the demographic transitional model.

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11
Q

Gendered space

A

Areas in which particular genders of people, and particular types of gender expression, are considered welcome or appropriate, and other types are unwelcome or inappropriate.

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12
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

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13
Q

J-curve (related to DTM)

A

This is when the projection population shows exponential growth; sometimes shaped as a j-curve.

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14
Q

Maladaptation

A

This is an adaptation that has become less helpful than harmful.

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15
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

British economist Thomas Malthus coined the term overpopulation in the late 1700s.

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16
Q

Mortality

A

The number of deaths per thousand people.

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17
Q

Neo-Malthusian

A

Neo-Malthusians today believe that humanity is ripe for another population calamity.

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18
Q

Overpopulation

A

Overpopulation, as a defined term, generally occurs when a region has exceeded its “carrying capacity.” The “carrying capacity” of a region refers to the number of people a region can reasonably support and sustain.

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19
Q

Population explosion

A

The rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.

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20
Q

Population projection

A

The estimated population in a certain time in the future.

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21
Q

Population pyramid

A

A pyramid-like diagram that displays the population distributions between age and sex.

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22
Q

Rate of natural increase

A

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

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23
Q

S-curve (related to DTM)

A

Traces the cyclical movement upwards and downwards in a graph.

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24
Q

Sex ratio

A

The number of males per hundred females in the population is the sex ratio.

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25
Q

Standard of living

A

Refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed.

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26
Q

Sustainability

A

The use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future.

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27
Q

Underpopulation

A

The opposite of overpopulation and refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region’s population.

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28
Q

Zero population growth

A

When the Crude Birth Rate equals the Crude Death Rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero.

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29
Q

Activity space

A

The space within which daily activity occurs.

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30
Q

Chain migration

A

The social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow one another to a different city.

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31
Q

Cyclic movement

A

Movement that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally.

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32
Q

Forced Migration

A

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

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33
Q

Gravity model

A

The Gravity Model holds that the interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another.

34
Q

Internal migration

A

Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the US.

35
Q

Intervening opportunity

A

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration.

36
Q

Intercontinental Migration Patterns

A

Migration flow involving movements across international borders. Permanent movement from one country to another on the same continent.

37
Q

Interregional Migration Patterns

A

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another

38
Q

Rural to Urban Migration Patterns

A

The process of migration from an agricultural area to a city generally driven by poverty and job opportunity, e.g. the last train home.

39
Q

Migratory movement

A

Motion that consists of one person relocating from one place to another.

40
Q

Periodic movement

A

Movement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation.

41
Q

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population.

A

Age distribution

42
Q

The “carrying capacity” of an area refers to the maximum number of people who can be realistically sustained by the geography of that area.

A

Carrying capacity

43
Q

A population group that’s distinguished by a certain characteristic.

A

Cohort

44
Q

The formula that calculates population change.

A

Demographic equation

45
Q

This is the tendency for the growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution.

A

Demographic momentum

46
Q

A tool demographers use to categorize countries’ population growth rates and economic structures.

A

Demographic Transition model

47
Q

Reflects the number of people in a country whose labor supports the rest of the country that is incapable of working.

A

Dependency ratio

48
Q

It is the projected amount of time that it will take for a given population to double.

A

Doubling time

49
Q

This is used to describe land that is permanently populated by human society.

A

Ecumene

50
Q

Distinctive cases of death in each stage of the demographic transitional model.

A

Epidemiological Transition model

51
Q

Areas in which particular genders of people, and particular types of gender expression, are considered welcome or appropriate, and other types are unwelcome or inappropriate.

A

Gendered space

52
Q

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

A

Infant mortality rate

53
Q

This is when the projection population shows exponential growth; sometimes shaped as a j-curve.

A

J-curve (related to DTM)

54
Q

This is an adaptation that has become less helpful than harmful.

A

Maladaptation

55
Q

British economist Thomas Malthus coined the term overpopulation in the late 1700s.

A

Thomas Malthus

56
Q

The number of deaths per thousand people.

A

Mortality

57
Q

Neo-Malthusians today believe that humanity is ripe for another population calamity.

A

Neo-Malthusian

58
Q

Overpopulation, as a defined term, generally occurs when a region has exceeded its “carrying capacity.” The “carrying capacity” of a region refers to the number of people a region can reasonably support and sustain.

A

Overpopulation

59
Q

The rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.

A

Population explosion

60
Q

The estimated population in a certain time in the future.

A

Population projection

61
Q

A pyramid-like diagram that displays the population distributions between age and sex.

A

Population pyramid

62
Q

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

A

Rate of natural increase

63
Q

Traces the cyclical movement upwards and downwards in a graph.

A

S-curve (related to DTM)

64
Q

The number of males per hundred females in the population is the sex ratio.

A

Sex ratio

65
Q

Refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed.

A

Standard of living

66
Q

The use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future.

A

Sustainability

67
Q

The opposite of overpopulation and refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region’s population.

A

Underpopulation

68
Q

When the Crude Birth Rate equals the Crude Death Rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero.

A

Zero population growth

69
Q

The space within which daily activity occurs.

A

Activity space

70
Q

The social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow one another to a different city.

A

Chain migration

71
Q

Movement that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally.

A

Cyclic movement

72
Q

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

A

Forced Migration

73
Q

The Gravity Model holds that the interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another.

A

Gravity model

74
Q

Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the US.

A

Internal migration

75
Q

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration.

A

Intervening opportunity

76
Q

Migration flow involving movements across international borders. Permanent movement from one country to another on the same continent.

A

Intercontinental Migration Patterns

77
Q

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another

A

Interregional Migration Patterns

78
Q

The process of migration from an agricultural area to a city generally driven by poverty and job opportunity, e.g. the last train home.

A

Rural to Urban Migration Patterns

79
Q

Motion that consists of one person relocating from one place to another.

A

Migratory movement

80
Q

Movement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation.

A

Periodic movement

AP Human Geography (4 decks)

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