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AP Human Geography > Culture Vocabulary - Unit 4 > Flashcards

Culture Vocabulary - Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Acculturation

A

the adoption of certain cultural and social characteristics of one society by another society.

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

the process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture (usually a dominant one)

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3
Q

Cultural Adaptation

A

new people adapt to the culture of the previously existing people.

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4
Q

Cultural core/periphery pattern

A

The core-periphery idea that the core houses the main economic power of the region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties.

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5
Q

Cultural Ecology

A

the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments.

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6
Q

Cultural Identity

A

Ones belief in belonging to a group of certain cultural aspect (you can “identify with” a group or “identify against”)

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7
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

a geographic area that includes cultural resources and natural resources associated with the interactions between nature and human behavior.

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8
Q

Cultural Realm

A

The entire region throughout which a culture prevails. Criteria that may be chosen to define culture realms include religion, language, diet, customs, or economic development.

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9
Q

Culture

A

the behaviors and belied characteristics of a particular group.

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10
Q

Innovation Adoption

A

study of how, why and at what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture.

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11
Q

Maladaptive diffusion

A

diffusion of a process with negative side effects or what works well in one region may not in another.

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12
Q

Material Culture

A

The physical manifestations of human activities; includes tools, campsites, art, and structures. The most durable aspects of culture.

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13
Q

Non-material culture

A

Anything on the landscape that comprises culture that cannot be physically touched (e.g., language and religion).

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14
Q

Sequence Occupancy

A

several different cultural groups have occupied that territory so you will see different layers in modern culture.

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15
Q

Religion

A

a unified set of beliefs, values, and practices of an individual or a group of people that is based on the teachings of a spiritual leader.

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16
Q

Animism

A

Belief that objects, such as plants, stones, or natural events (thunderstorms and earthquakes), have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

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17
Q

Buddhism

A

the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth.

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18
Q

Christianity

A

religion based on the teachings of Jesus. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on Earth to teach people how to live according to God’s plan.

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19
Q

Confucianism

A

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

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20
Q

Ethnic Religion

A

relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place. Ethnic religions do not attempt to appeal to all people, but only one group, maybe in one locale or within one ethnicity. Judaism and Hinduism are two prime examples of ethnic religions.

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21
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).

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22
Q

Geomancy

A

(Feng Shui) a method of prediction that interprets markings on the ground, or how handfuls of dirt land when someone tosses them.

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23
Q

Hajj

A

the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, normally around Ramadan.

24
Q

Hinduism

A

One of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4000 years, and originating in the Indus River Valley of what is today part of Pakistan. Hinduism is unique among the world’s religions in that it does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins. caste system.

25
Q

Interfaith boundaries

A

The boundaries between the world’s major faiths.

26
Q

Islam

A

the youngest of the major world religions, Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, born in Mecca in 571 CE. According to Islamic teaching, Muhammad receive the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations during which Muhammad spoke the verses of the Qu’ran, the Islamic holy book.

27
Q

Jainism

A

Religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism.

28
Q

Judaism

A

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people.

29
Q

Landscapes of the dead

A

The certain areas where people have commonly been buried.

30
Q

Monotheism

A

Belief in one god

31
Q

Polytheism

A

Belief in multiple gods

32
Q

Mormonism

A

the religious tradition and theology of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity started by Joseph Smith in Western New York in the 1820s and 30s.

33
Q

Proselytic Religion

A

A proselytic religion is a religion that seeks converts and to become a global or universal religion.

34
Q

Reincarnation

A

the rebirth of a soul in a new body.

35
Q

Religious architectural styles

A

a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship or sacred or intentional space, such as churches, mosques, stupas, synagogues, and temples.

36
Q

Religious Conflict

A

Religious conflicts arise as followers of one religion take to the extreme and impose their religious beliefs on others with different religions.

37
Q

Religious toponym

A

This refers to the origin and meaning of the names of religions. This is important to human geography because many names mean significant things including beliefs of cultures.

38
Q

Sacred space

A

Sacred space is the place where religious figures and congregations meet to perform religious ceremonies.

39
Q

Secularism

A

the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity and promise of a comfortable afterlife. A secular state is the opposite of a theocracy.

40
Q

Shamanism

A

Form of a tribal religion that involved community acceptance of a shaman, a religious leader, healer, and worker of magic who, through special powers, can intercede with and interpret the spirit world.

41
Q

Sharia law

A

the legal framework within which public and some private aspects of life are regulated for those living in a legal system based on Muslim principles.

42
Q

Shintoism

A

said to be the way of god. It is the native religion of Japan and was once its state religion.

43
Q

Sikhism

A

the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.

44
Q

Cultural core/periphery pattern

A

The core-periphery idea that the core houses the main economic power of the region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties.

45
Q

Creole

A

A language that results from mixing a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

46
Q

Dialect

A

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

47
Q

Indo-European languages

A

a family (or phylum) of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Europe, Iran, and northern India, and historically also predominant in Anatolia and Central Asia.

48
Q

Isogloss

A

a boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions. It can be a boundary between two different languages, or, more frequently, the boundary between two different dialects of the same language.

49
Q

Language

A

A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.

50
Q

Language family

A

collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.

51
Q

Lingua franca

A

A lingua franca is a language that combines simple words from multiple languages so that people who need to understand one another, in order to conduct trade and facilitate business, are able to communicate with one another.

52
Q

Linguistic diversity

A

the idea/culture of speaking lots of different languages.

53
Q

Monolingual/multilingual

A

mono- one language, multi- more than one language

54
Q

Official language

A

The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.

55
Q

Pidgin

A

A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communication between speakers of two different languages.

56
Q

Toponymy

A

“Toponymy” is the study of place names. Toponymy is useful to cultural geographers because it can help illuminate certain conclusions about an area - such as who its original inhabitants were and where they came from. For example “Los Angeles” is a Spanish name of an American city.

57
Q

Trade language

A

A language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade with each other.

AP Human Geography (4 decks)

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