Population Structure And Nonrandom Mating (Lecture 12)

Question 1

Polyandry

Answer 1

Many males; queen doing mating with males

Question 2

Polygyny

Answer 2

Many females; lions

Question 3

Unequal mating success (cooperative breeding)

Answer 3

Acorn woodpecker, grown babies stay with family; work as a group to collect acorns; forgo reproducing for the good of the family

Question 4

Unequal fecundity

Answer 4

Not all offspring will survive

Question 5

Consequences beyond sexual selection

Answer 5

Effective number of individual in a population is less than total number of population

Question 6

Formula for Effective Population Size

Answer 6

Ne= (4Nm*Nf)/(Nm+Nf)

Question 7

Nonrandom Mating is NOT

Answer 7

Sexual selection but assortative mating (sorting by genotype)

Question 8

selfing

Answer 8

Mating with themselves

Question 9

Assortative mating

Answer 9

The probability of an individual mating is determined by BOTH the genotype of the individual and the genotype of the potential mate

Question 10

F is the

Answer 10

Inbreeding coefficient; ranges from 0-0.5 in 1 generation (identity by descent)

Question 11

What are we looking at when measuring the inbreeding coefficient?

Answer 11

Want the same exact same copy of a specific allele from the mother to the child (like following a kernel on its journey) (HAS to come from the mother)

Question 12

Inbreeding does NOT cause

Answer 12

Allele frequency changes, only genotype frequency changes

Question 13

Heterozygosity is related to F because

Answer 13

Inbreeding reduces the number of heterozygotes

Question 14

When there is inbreeding Hf=

Answer 14

H0(1-F)

Question 15

Genetic drift mimics the effects of

Answer 15

Long-Term inbreeding because it increases the probability of identity by descent (random mating includes sometimes between relatives)

Question 16

Inbreeding increases

Answer 16

Effects of drift; and decrease the effective population size

Question 17

3 ways to reduce Ne

Answer 17

Mating system, population subdivisions, inbreeding

Question 18

Inbreeding depression causes

Answer 18

Deleterious recessives to be exposed more frequently in homozygotes, typically lowers mean fitness

Question 19

What are ways to avoid inbreeding depression

Answer 19

Mate choice, dispersal; even sex biased, selfing compatibility, dioecy, monoecy, asychrony

Question 20

Mate choice

Answer 20

Can choose to not mate with realtives

Question 21

Dispersal, even sex biased

Answer 21

Typically males leave to mate with unrelated females

Question 22

self-incompatibility

Answer 22

Will not ovulate with itself (molecular level); seen in hermaphrodites

Question 23

dioecy

Answer 23

Separate plants; sexes on different organisms

Question 24

monoecy

Answer 24

Separate flowers, sexes are on the same organisms but physically separated

Question 25

Advantages to selfing

Answer 25

Assured reproduction

Question 26

Assured reproductoin

Answer 26

Need this if partners are scarce or far away