Population Human Impact Flashcards by Roshan Mojica

adding impurities to the environment
▪ an undesirable change in chemical,
physical, and biological characteristics of
air, water, and soil, which causes the health
problem to all the living beings

Environmental Pollution

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Classification of Pollutants

Degradable or Non- persistent, Slowly degradable/ persistent, non degradable

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these can be broken down rapidly by the natural process

Degradable or Non-persistent Pollutants

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give examples of non persistent pollutants

e.g. domestic waste, garbage, sewage

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these remains in environment for a very long period of time, in unchanged condition, may be for few decades

Slowly degradable or Persistent Pollutants

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these are pollutants that never get degraded by any natural process

Non-degradable Pollutants

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examples of Non-degradable Pollutants

toxic elements like lead, mercury, nuclear waste

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Different Pollutants

Gases Industrial waste
Metal waste
Acids
Agro pesticides
Domestic waste
Radioactive waste
E-waste

NO2, SO2, CO2
soot, smoke, tar, dust Mercury, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium
H2SO4, MNO3 herbicides, fungicides, bactericides, weedicides garbage, rubbish nuclear ash from atomic reactors
from IT sector

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can be defined as addition of any contaminant to the air which causes harm to the health of living organisms

Air Pollution

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Types of Pollutants

primary and secondary pollutants

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an air pollutant emitted directly from a source

Primary Pollutant

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not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere

Secondary Pollutant

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what are Secondary Pollutants

acid rain, ozone, photochemical smog

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harmful mixture formed by gases of nitrogen and particulate matter due to photochemical reactions under influence of strong sunlight

Photochemical smog

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atmospheric H2SO4 formed by reaction of moisture or water + SO2/SO3

acid rain

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contributes greatly to photochemical
smog

Ozone

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through the thermal power plants, using coal and from the oil refineries

Sulfur compounds (SO2, H2S, H2SO4)

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due to cooling industries the CFC is released which has affected the O3 in the atmosphere

Ozone

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produced by the industrial and insecticide spray

Fluorides

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mainly the bacterial cells, fungal spores, and pollens

Biological particulate

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released by the automobiles
o e.g. Benzene, Benzyl pyrene etc.

Hydrocarbons

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these oxides like NO, NO2, HNO3 are released by automobiles, power plants, and industries

Nitrogen Oxides

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from combustion of fossil fuel that affects the nerves, brain, and kidney

mercury

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the paints get decolored by

SO2 and H2S (sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide)

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Detecting Air Pollutants

satellites, nanotechnology, biological indicators (lichens), chemical instruments,

symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi

Lichens

for the most part, air pollution in the Philippines stems from the?

burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil

rank of the Philippines as the most polluted air in the world in 2022

major causes of land pollution

urbanization and industrialization

what is the difference between land and soil pollution?

land pollution refers to all forms of pollution affecting any type of soil: agricultural, forestry, urban, etc. soil pollution is a form of land pollution in which the soil’s upper layer is harmed

sources of land pollution

waste disposal, soil erosion, atmospheric decomposition, agricultural chemicals, urbanization, mining activities

causes of land pollution

construction, agriculture, domestic/ municipal waste, industrial waste

buildings take up resources and land, the trees are chopped down and used to make buildings

Construction

as there are more people inhabiting the Earth, food is in higher demand and so forests are chopped down and turned into farmland

agriculture

there is still a lot of garbage such as refrigerators and washing machines that are dumped in landfills simply because they cannot be reused anyway, nor recycled

Domestic/Municipal Solid Waste

plastics factories, chemical plants, oil refineries, nuclear waste disposal activity, large animal farms, coal-fired power plants, metals production factories and other heavy industry all contribute to land pollution

Industrial Waste

prevention of soil pollution

reusing, recycling, reducing, reforesting

mainly refers to the complete process of collecting, treating, and disposing of solid wastes

Solid Waste Management

Hazardous waste characteristics

toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive

what are the solid waste treatments

industrial waste can be treated physically, chemically, and biologically until they are less hazardous acidic and alkaline waste shall be first neutralized before disposing pyrolysis

a process of combustion in absence of oxygen, or the material burnt under the controlled atmosphere of oxygen

Pyrolysis

What is the Philippines’ Solution to Waste Management?

RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which highlights the practices of segregation, proper disposal, and waste diversion

can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use

Water Pollution

Classification of Water Pollution

surface water pollution, ground water pollution, oxygen depletion, microbiological water pollution, suspended matter, chemical water pollution

ocean, rivers, lakes get polluted in number of ways

Surface water pollution

often caused by pesticide contaminations from soil

Ground water pollution

when biodegradable material is added to water, the number of micro- organisms increases rapidly consuming available oxygen

Oxygen depletion

a natural way of water pollution form by micro-organisms

Microbiological water pollution

some pollutants do not dissolve in water as their molecules are too big to mix between water molecules o these particles settle down forming thick slit at the bottom, thus harmful to marine life that lives on floor

Suspended matter

industrial and agricultural work involves the use of many different chemicals that can run-off into water and pollute it

Chemical water pollution

Causes of Water Pollution

point source, non point source

 source is identifiable  if pollution comes from single source such as oil spill

Point source

 source is not identifiable  if pollution comes from many sources

Non-point source

Sources of Water Pollution

T- thermal pollution A- agricultural waste M- municipal wastewater M- marine pollution I- industrial waste I- inorganic pollutant O- organic pollutant

discharge of effluent from wastewater treatment plants which receive wastewater from households, commercial establishments, and industries

Municipal Wastewater

they discharge several organic and inorganic pollutants that prove highly toxic to living beings

Industrial Waste

include fine particles of different metals, chlorides, sulphates, oxides of iron, cadmium, acids, and alkaline

Inorganic Pollutants

include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease, and several other organic compounds

Organic Pollutants

excess fertilizers may reach the ground water by leaching or may be mixed with surface water of rivers, lakes, and ponds by runoff and drainage

Agricultural Wastes

 caused by the rise in temperature of water  main source are the thermal and nuclearpower plants  the power generating plants use water as coolants and release hot water into the original source  sudden rise in temperature kills fish and other aquatic animals

Thermal Pollution

 ocean is the final sink of all natural and manmade pollutants  rivers discharge their pollutants into the sea the sewage and garbage of costal cities are also dumped into the sea  the other sources include discharge of oils, grease, detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships

Marine Pollution

mining radio-active pollutants that enter the body

uranium, thorium

this can be a problem in aquatic habitats such as lakes as it can cause algal blooms

Eutrophication

when the Eutrophication environment becomes enriched with nutrients

Eutrophication

 common term used for a harmful algal bloom of HABs, a marine phenomenon  occur when colonies of algae grow out of control while producing toxic or harmful effects on people, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and birds

Red Tide

develops when a person consumes mollusks containing toxic dinoflagellates and suffers neurological and/or gastrointestinal manifestations

paralytic shellfish poisoning

Measures to Control Water Pollution

natural water cycle, disinfection, sedimentation, filtration, softening of water

what is the Philippines’ Efforts to Clean the Waters

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004. which aims to protect water bodies from pollution and monitor their safety

the water itself gets converted into pure water

Natural water Cycle

in this process suspended materials are removed from water what is used?

sedimentation; sedimentation tanks

in this process, harmful bacteria are killed making water safe for drinking What is used?

Disinfection of Water; chlorination using bleaching powder

o in this process, water is allowed to pass through a bed of fine and coarse sand o it removes color, taste, odor, and also bacteria what is used?

Filtration; pressure filters and gravity filters

used to remove the hardness of water what is used?

softening of water; boiling water o by adding lime in the water