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ENV SCI MIDTERMS > Population Human Impact > Flashcards

Population Human Impact Flashcards

1
Q

adding impurities to the environment
▪ an undesirable change in chemical,
physical, and biological characteristics of
air, water, and soil, which causes the health
problem to all the living beings

A

Environmental Pollution

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2
Q

Classification of Pollutants

A

Degradable or Non- persistent, Slowly degradable/ persistent, non degradable

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3
Q

these can be broken down rapidly by the natural process

A

Degradable or Non-persistent Pollutants

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4
Q

give examples of non persistent pollutants

A

e.g. domestic waste, garbage, sewage

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5
Q

these remains in environment for a very long period of time, in unchanged condition, may be for few decades

A

Slowly degradable or Persistent Pollutants

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6
Q

these are pollutants that never get degraded by any natural process

A

Non-degradable Pollutants

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7
Q

examples of Non-degradable Pollutants

A

toxic elements like lead, mercury, nuclear waste

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8
Q

Different Pollutants

A

Gases Industrial waste
Metal waste
Acids
Agro pesticides
Domestic waste
Radioactive waste
E-waste

NO2, SO2, CO2
soot, smoke, tar, dust Mercury, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium
H2SO4, MNO3 herbicides, fungicides, bactericides, weedicides garbage, rubbish nuclear ash from atomic reactors
from IT sector

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9
Q

can be defined as addition of any contaminant to the air which causes harm to the health of living organisms

A

Air Pollution

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10
Q

Types of Pollutants

A

primary and secondary pollutants

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11
Q

an air pollutant emitted directly from a source

A

Primary Pollutant

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12
Q

not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere

A

Secondary Pollutant

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12
Q

what are Secondary Pollutants

A

acid rain, ozone, photochemical smog

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13
Q

harmful mixture formed by gases of nitrogen and particulate matter due to photochemical reactions under influence of strong sunlight

A

Photochemical smog

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14
Q

atmospheric H2SO4 formed by reaction of moisture or water + SO2/SO3

A

acid rain

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15
Q

contributes greatly to photochemical
smog

A

Ozone

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16
Q

through the thermal power plants, using coal and from the oil refineries

A

Sulfur compounds (SO2, H2S, H2SO4)

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17
Q

due to cooling industries the CFC is released which has affected the O3 in the atmosphere

A

Ozone

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18
Q

produced by the industrial and insecticide spray

A

Fluorides

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19
Q

mainly the bacterial cells, fungal spores, and pollens

A

Biological particulate

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19
Q

released by the automobiles
o e.g. Benzene, Benzyl pyrene etc.

A

Hydrocarbons

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20
Q

these oxides like NO, NO2, HNO3 are released by automobiles, power plants, and industries

A

Nitrogen Oxides

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21
Q

from combustion of fossil fuel that affects the nerves, brain, and kidney

A

mercury

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21
Q

the paints get decolored by

A

SO2 and H2S (sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide)

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22
Q

Detecting Air Pollutants

A

satellites, nanotechnology, biological indicators (lichens), chemical instruments,

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23
Q

symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi

A

Lichens

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24
Q

for the most part, air pollution in the Philippines stems from the?

A

burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil

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25
Q

rank of the Philippines as the most polluted air in the world in 2022

A

69

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26
Q

major causes of land pollution

A

urbanization and industrialization

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27
Q

what is the difference between land and soil pollution?

A

land pollution refers to all forms of pollution affecting any type of soil: agricultural, forestry, urban, etc.

soil pollution is a form of land pollution in which the soil’s upper layer is harmed

28
Q

sources of land pollution

A

waste disposal, soil erosion, atmospheric decomposition, agricultural chemicals, urbanization, mining activities

29
Q

causes of land pollution

A

construction, agriculture, domestic/ municipal waste, industrial waste

30
Q

buildings take up resources and land, the trees are chopped down and used to make buildings

A

Construction

31
Q

as there are more people inhabiting the Earth, food is in higher demand and so forests are chopped down and turned into farmland

A

agriculture

32
Q

there is still a lot of garbage such as refrigerators and washing machines that are dumped in landfills simply because they cannot be reused anyway, nor recycled

A

Domestic/Municipal Solid Waste

33
Q

plastics factories, chemical plants, oil refineries, nuclear waste disposal activity, large animal farms, coal-fired power plants, metals production factories and other heavy industry all contribute to land pollution

A

Industrial Waste

34
Q

prevention of soil pollution

A

reusing, recycling, reducing, reforesting

35
Q

mainly refers to the complete process of collecting, treating, and disposing of solid wastes

A

Solid Waste Management

36
Q

Hazardous waste characteristics

A

toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive

37
Q

what are the solid waste treatments

A

industrial waste can be treated physically, chemically, and biologically until they are
less hazardous

acidic and alkaline waste shall be first neutralized before disposing

pyrolysis

38
Q

a process of combustion in absence of oxygen, or the material burnt under the controlled atmosphere of oxygen

A

Pyrolysis

39
Q

What is the Philippines’ Solution to Waste
Management?

A

RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which highlights the practices of segregation, proper disposal, and waste diversion

40
Q

can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use

A

Water Pollution

41
Q

Classification of Water Pollution

A

surface water pollution, ground water pollution, oxygen depletion, microbiological water pollution, suspended matter, chemical water pollution

42
Q

ocean, rivers, lakes get polluted in number of ways

A

Surface water pollution

43
Q

often caused by pesticide contaminations from soil

A

Ground water pollution

44
Q

when biodegradable material is added to water, the number of micro- organisms increases rapidly consuming available oxygen

A

Oxygen depletion

45
Q

a natural way of water pollution form by micro-organisms

A

Microbiological water pollution

46
Q

some pollutants do not dissolve in water as their molecules are too big to mix between water molecules
o these particles settle down forming thick slit at the bottom, thus harmful to marine life that lives on floor

A

Suspended matter

47
Q

industrial and agricultural work involves the use of many different chemicals that can run-off into water and pollute it

A

Chemical water pollution

48
Q

Causes of Water Pollution

A

point source, non point source

49
Q

 source is identifiable
 if pollution comes from single source such as oil spill

A

Point source

50
Q

 source is not identifiable
 if pollution comes from many sources

A

Non-point source

51
Q

Sources of Water Pollution

A

T- thermal pollution
A- agricultural waste
M- municipal wastewater
M- marine pollution
I- industrial waste
I- inorganic pollutant
O- organic pollutant

52
Q

discharge of effluent from wastewater treatment plants which receive wastewater from households, commercial establishments, and industries

A

Municipal Wastewater

53
Q

they discharge several organic and inorganic pollutants that prove highly toxic to living beings

A

Industrial Waste

54
Q

include fine particles of different metals, chlorides, sulphates, oxides of iron, cadmium, acids, and alkaline

A

Inorganic Pollutants

55
Q

include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease, and several other organic compounds

A

Organic Pollutants

56
Q

excess fertilizers may reach the ground water by leaching or may be mixed with surface water of rivers, lakes, and ponds by runoff and drainage

A

Agricultural Wastes

57
Q

 caused by the rise in temperature of water

 main source are the thermal and nuclearpower plants

 the power generating plants use water as coolants and release hot water into the
original source

 sudden rise in temperature kills fish and other aquatic animals

A

Thermal Pollution

57
Q

 ocean is the final sink of all natural and manmade pollutants
 rivers discharge their pollutants into the sea
the sewage and garbage of costal cities are also dumped into the sea
 the other sources include discharge of oils, grease, detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships

A

Marine Pollution

58
Q

mining radio-active pollutants that enter the body

A

uranium, thorium

59
Q

this can be a problem in aquatic habitats such as lakes as it can cause algal blooms

A

Eutrophication

59
Q

when the Eutrophication environment becomes enriched with nutrients

A

Eutrophication

60
Q

 common term used for a harmful algal bloom of HABs, a marine phenomenon
 occur when colonies of algae grow out of control while producing toxic or harmful effects on people, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and birds

A

Red Tide

61
Q

develops when a person consumes mollusks containing toxic dinoflagellates and suffers neurological and/or gastrointestinal
manifestations

A

paralytic shellfish poisoning

62
Q
A
62
Q

Measures to Control Water Pollution

A

natural water cycle, disinfection, sedimentation, filtration, softening of water

63
Q

what is the Philippines’ Efforts to Clean the Waters

A

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004. which aims to protect water bodies from pollution and monitor their safety

63
Q

the water itself gets converted into pure water

A

Natural water Cycle

64
Q

in this process suspended materials are removed from water

what is used?

A

sedimentation; sedimentation tanks

65
Q

in this process, harmful bacteria are killed making water safe for drinking

What is used?

A

Disinfection of Water; chlorination using bleaching powder

66
Q

o in this process, water is allowed to pass through a bed of fine and coarse sand
o it removes color, taste, odor, and also bacteria

what is used?

A

Filtration; pressure filters and gravity filters

67
Q

used to remove the hardness of water

what is used?

A

softening of water; boiling water o by adding lime in the water

ENV SCI MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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