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ENV SCI MIDTERMS > population ecology > Flashcards

population ecology Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the number of individuals in an area/region from the same species

A

Population

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2
Q

varies in size and character

A

population

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3
Q

study how and why population size
changes over time

A

Population Dynamics

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4
Q

all populations undergo 3 phases in life cycle:

A

o growth o stability o decline

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5
Q

number of individuals in a population

A

Population Size

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6
Q

population of organisms are able to change over time through 3 factors:

A

birth, death, migration

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6
Q

number of individuals per unit of area at a given time

A

Population Density

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7
Q

measuring density of a populations is a difficult task. how can u do it?

A

we can count individuals

we can estimate population numbers

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8
Q

a prominent way in estimating the density of a population

used to estimate the size of a population where its is impractical to count every individual

A

Capture, Mark, and Recapture Method
(CMR)

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9
Q

the pattern of spacing among individuals within the geographic boundaries

A

Population Dispersion

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10
Q

Population Dispersion patterns

A

clumping

uniform distribution

random dispersion

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11
Q

individuals in a population are clustered together, creating some patches with many
individuals and some patches with no individuals

A

Clumped Dispersion

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12
Q

occur when resources are concentrated in small areas within a larger habitat or because of individuals forming social groups

A

Clumped Dispersion

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13
Q

individuals of a population are spaced more or less evenly

▪ a result of interactions between individuals like ___

A

uniform dispersion; competition and territoriality

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14
Q

individuals are distributed randomly, without a predictable pattern

created in the absence of ______ between organisms for resources

A

Random Dispersion; competition

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15
Q

occurs often where individuals must compete for a limiting resource

A

uniform dispersion

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16
Q

phases of microorganism

A

lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, declining phase

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16
Q

explains how fast a given population grows

A

Population growth rate

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17
Q

no active reproduction or creation of new cells; the microorganism is taking its time to adapt

A

lag phase

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18
Q

the exponential phase; microorganism starts to double in number

A

Log phase

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19
Q

nutrients available start to decrease and the death rate and growth rate of the microbial population equalizes

A

Stationary phase

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20
Q

kinds of population growth in plants/animals

A
  • exponential growth
  • logistic growth
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20
Q

death phase; nutrients are depleted and waste products accumulate

A

Declining phase

21
Q

the rate of population increase gets lower due to limiting resources

A

Logistic Growth

22
Q
  • the population increases at a faster rate
  • increase in growth speed
A

Exponential Growth

23
Q

usually not linear; staggering

A

Population Growth and Speed

24
Q

how fast do populations grow

usually slow at first because the number of reproducing organisms is small

A

“J”-shaped population growth pattern

25
Q

called exponential growth, as a population gets larger it grows faster

A

“J”-shaped population growth pattern

26
Q

what are r strategists

A
  • lives in unstable and unpredictable environments
  • produce many offsprings
  • undergo rapid reproduction to
    stabilize themselves
  • e.g., dogs, cats, insects, and fish
27
Q

ability of the habitat or environment to support the population of an organism

A

carrying capacity

27
Q

what are k strategists

A

lives in more stable environment o produce few offsprings
o occasional breeding
o longer gestation periods and give birth to one or two offspring at a time
o offspring take time to grow and do so under the constant care and supervision of their parents

e.g., humans, lions, and whales

28
Q

Population growth usually stops due to:

A

lack of resources and buildup of waste products

29
Q

biotic or abiotic factors that regulate size of a population

A

Limiting factors

30
Q

what are Density dependent factors

A

predator - prey relationship
competition
disease
crowding and stress

30
Q

o increasing effect as population size increases
o affect all populations regardless of their density

A

Density dependent factors

31
Q

2 kinds of competition

A

interspecific, intraspecific

32
Q

▪ has negative effects on growth and reproduction
▪ may increase mortality rate, decrease growth and decrease reproduction

A

Disease

33
Q

_____ causes ______
▪ leads to a decrease in population size

A

crowding; stress

34
Q

what are Density independent factors

A

o severe storms and flooding
o sudden unpredictable severe cols spells o earthquakes and volcanoes
o catastrophic meteorite impacts

35
Q

increased population size due to advances in medicine, technology, and cleanliness

A

Industrial Revolution

36
Q

▪ the human population increased relatively slowly until about ____ and then began to grow exponentially

A

1650v

36
Q

a model that states that the population will eventually stop growing when the country transitions from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and death rates, stabilizing the population

A

Demographic Transition

37
Q

n many industrialized nations, ______ are more a factor than ______ (life expectancy keeps increasing)

A

decreasing death rates; increasing birth rates

38
Q

population change is governed by ?

A

the balance between birth rates and death rates

39
Q

study of human population growth characteristics

A

Demography

40
Q

the average estimate of the earth

A

is 10 – 15 billion people

41
Q

one important demographic factor in
present and future growth trends

A

Age Structure

42
Q

infant mortality and life expectancy at birth vary greatly ______

A

among developed and developing countries

42
Q

moving in a country

A

immigration

43
Q

moving out a country

A

emigration

44
Q

December 2020

A

109.6 million

45
Q

December 2019

A
  1. 1 million
46
Q

December 1950

A

18.6 million

47
Q

current Philippine population

A

118 million

48
Q

study of how various factors impact population growth, rates of survival and reproduction, and risk of extinction

A

Population ecology

ENV SCI MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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