Population Health Test 5 Flashcards
Current World Population
7.7 billion
carrying capacity
maximum number of species an environment can support indefinitely
overpopulation effects
- inadequate water supply
- depletion of natural resources
- pollution
- deforestation
- high mortality rate
- global warming
- extinction
S curve
environmental pressures increase as the population increases and eventually reaches the carrying capacity (population levels out)
J curve
population expands past the carrying capacity to a place in which the environment can no longer sustain the population in which case the population crashes
* (population outpaced food supply, climate changes, infectious disease, etc.)
Paul Ehrlich
“Anyone who believes exponential growth can go on forever in a finite world is either a madman or an economist”
Henry Kendall
“If we do not voluntarily bring population growth under control in the next on or two decades nature will do it for us in the most brutal way, whether we like it or not” (not come true yet)
Public health improvements in developing countries
clean water, immunization, pest contril, inexpensive oral rehydration treatment (decline death rates)
Urbanization
43% of Africa’s population and 50% of Asia’s population live in urban environments (lack adequate drinking water and sewage)
* lack sanitation
immunization campaigns
measles, Diptheria, polio, HIV (Africa)
how many children are orphaned in Africa
15 million (today)
Water
renewable resource (renewed at a fixed rate); 03% of water is usable; contamination through industrial waste; U.S. drought (depletion and overuse)
agricultural
meet demands: advances in wheat and rice genetic strains (increased yields, fertilizer, irrigation, and chemical pesticides)
problems: land degradation; irrigation (high amounts of water); deforestation; increased soil erosion; flooding; loss of wildlife; pests resistance to pesticides; disease in humans (pesticides and fertilization)
ocean
33% of the world’s marine fish stocks are overfished
1/2 of fish eaten raised in fish farms; small fish are depleted for feeding; parasites and microbes
climate change
long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place
WHO “greatest challenge of the 21st century, threatening human health and development
connected with weather events: hurricanes, floods, downpours, winter storms
climate
occurs over a long period of time whereas weather is the condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time
cause of climate change
human activities (burning fossil fuels, natural gas, oil, and coal
global warming
caused by the greenhouse effect: energy of sunlight is absorbed by carbon dioxide in the air and is turned into heat rather than radiation back out away from earth
Climate change affects (social and environmental)
clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food, and secure shelter
extreme eat
extreme high air temperatures contribute to deaths (cardiovascular and respiratory disease)
- rase levels of ozone and other pollutants
- pollen and other aeroallergen levels increase
Natural Disasters
*60,000 deaths
loss of life, homes, economic security, and illness
- threaten transportation (airports, rail lines, roads, ports, pipelines)
- food supplies (drought and rising temperatures
infection
a water-borne disease, insect diseases, snail or other cold-blooded animals (lengthen transmission seasons and alter range)
children (climate change)
- most vulnerable
* exposed longer to health consequences
elderly (climate change)
- heightened vulnerability to environmental risk
- increased susceptibility to disease
- stress on food and water supply
- reduced mobility (quickly)
3 core functions of population health
assessment, policy development, assurance
10 essential services
assessment
- monitor health status to identify community health problems
- diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
policy development
- inform, educate, empower people about health issues
- mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
- develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
assurance
- enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
- link to needed personal health services and assure the provision of healthcare when otherwise unavailable
- assure a competent workforce
- evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
- research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
assessment (climate change)
monitoring health status with regard to climate-sensitive outcomes, and investigation and diagnosis of health impacts linked to climate-related hazards
policy development (climate change)
informing, educating, and empowering populations toward climate resilience; mobilizing partnerships to anticipate and respond to health threats from climate change; and developing of health policies that support climate mitigation and adaptation
assurance (climate change)
enforcing laws related to climate-susceptible diseases and impacts; linking to and providing care in the context of climate hazards; assuring a competent workforce to respond to climate-related health threats; and evaluating climate health interventions
Sustainable Development Goal (13)
- 1Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
- 2Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning
- 3Improve education, awareness-raising, and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning
- AImplement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
- BPromote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in the least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth, and local and marginalized communities
Paris Agreement
a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future
- 197 nations into a common cause
- limit warming to 1/5-2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels
- long-term adaptation goals
Nationally determined contribution
embody efforts by each country to reduce national emission and adapt to the impact of climate change
*party prepare, communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions
changedirection
concerned citizens, nonprofit leaders, and leaders from the private sector who have come together to change the culture about mental health, mental illness, and wellness
- White House National Conference on Mental Health in 2013
- goal: change the culture of mental health so that all of those in need receive the care and support they deserve
- pays attention of emotional well-being; our emotional well0being is just as important as out physical well-being
- after Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
