Pop Health Test 4

Question 1

environmental health definitioons

Answer 1

branch of public health focusing on the relationships between people and their environments; promotes human health and well-being; and fosters healthy and safe communities

Question 2

environmental health does…

Answer 2

advance policies and programs to reduce chemical and other environmental exposures in air, water, soil, and food to protect people and provide communities with healthier environments

Question 3

types of exposures

Answer 3

1. chemical
2. biological
3. radiological
   * found in the air we breath, the water we drink, and the products we use

Question 4

what kind of approach is needed to be effective

Answer 4

multidisciplinary
( local, state, and federal agencies, nurses, doctors, toxicologists, engineers, chemists, city planners, housing inspectors, etc.)

Question 5

what is a nurse

Answer 5

amongst the most trusted conveyors of information to the public
*responsibility to understand the risks, how to assess them, how to eliminate or reduce them, and how to advocate for policies that support healthy environments

Question 6

Florence Nightingale

Answer 6

the environment had a huge influence on patient outcomes disease prevention and that is was necessary to consider not only the patient but where he or she lives

(clean environment, clean water, and safe sanitary conditions = successful outcomes)

Question 7

Lillian Wald

Answer 7

public health nurse

• Henry Street neighborhood
• lobbied for health inspection in the workplace to protect workers and even had a large playground built to help improve the health of children in the neighborhood

Question 8

21st Century American Nurses Association

Answer 8

nurses: have knowledge of environmental health to be able to assess patients and invoke the precautionary principle of the right for nurses to be able to work in a safe environment and maintain their own safety and the safety of others

Question 9

biomonitoring

Answer 9

the testing of human fluids and tissues for the presence of potentially toxic chemicals

(umbilical cord blood of newborns)

Question 10

toxicology

Answer 10

basic scient that contributes to our understanding of health effects associated with chemical exposure

Question 11

toxicity

Answer 11

the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals

food we eat and drink, the air we breathe, the soil we build our homes and cities
(shampoo, makeup, furnace)

Question 12

extrapolation

Answer 12

testing a product/chemical on animals and then based on the effects of the chemical a model is used to estimate the effects on human

Question 13

Fragrance chemical

Answer 13

increased risk of asthma, allergies, and migraine

Question 14

inert

Answer 14

other ingredients

Question 15

pharmacology

Answer 15

study of the origin, chemical nature, and effects of drugs

Question 16

epigenetics

Answer 16

changes in DNA from chemical exposures that change gene expression

(gene turned on or off)

Question 17

epidemiology

Answer 17

the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations

(patient = community)

*study of distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations

Question 18

Geographic Information Systems (Epidemiologic Triangle)

Answer 18

layers information on a map

(map of a city and layers information on a map)

• gives the ability to analyze immense amounts of demographic, statistical, and geospatial data to develop visual representations that are easily digestible at all levels

Question 19

who is at risk?

Answer 19

low-income communities

lead poisoning, pests, pollution, water contamination, unsafe neighborhoods

Question 20

children

Answer 20

air pollution: smaller lungs, respiratory infections

cancer: 5% hereditary the remainder from environment and lifestyle

autism and ADHD: environment play a role

Question 21

pregnancy

Answer 21

increase preterm birth

mercury risk brain development and preterm labor

workplace hazards

Question 22

environmental justice

Answer 22

fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies

Question 23

what is at stake

Answer 23

the health of the people are at stake

Question 24

office of environmental justice

Answer 24

coordinates the EPA efforts that address the needs of vulnerable populations by decreasing environmental burdens, increasing environmental benefits, and working collaboratively to build healthy, sustainable communities

(local, state, and federal governments; tribal governments; community organizations; business and industry; and academia to achieve protection from environmental and health hazards for all people regardless or race, color, national origin, or income)

Question 25

EJ action plan

Answer 25

1. decrease lead exposure for all
2. ensure that communities have safe drinking water meeting agency standards
3. achieve air quality that meets the standards
4. reduce human exposure to hazardous waste sites with an emphasis on minority, low income, and vulnerable populations

Question 26

Haxard Communication Standard under OSHA

Answer 26

employers must maintain a list of all potentially hazardous chemicals that are used

Question 27

Government agencies and environmental health

Answer 27

environmental protection agency, food and drug administration, United States department of agricultural, department of health and human services (National institute of environmental health sciences & national institute for occupational safety and health)

Question 28

what does the CDC do

Answer 28

tracking environmental health trends, making recommendations, engaging in research

Question 29

United States Department of Agriculture

Answer 29

overseas meet, pultry, and egg products

Question 30

FDA

Answer 30

dairy, seafood, produce, packaged foods, bottle water, and whole eggs

Question 31

point source

Answer 31

a single point or place

*EPA: any contaminant that enters the environment from an easily identified and confined place (smokestacks, discharge pipes, drainage ditches)

Question 32

nonpoint-source

Answer 32

harder to identify and harder to address

• EPA: pollutant comes from many places, all at once (land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage, or hydrologic modification
• NPS” rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground depositing pollutants into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and groundwaters

Question 33

Clear air act

Answer 33

1963, amended in 1970 and 1990

control air pollution in the United States, states comply to Clean Air ac, adding car emissions, acid rain, ozone depletion, and other pollutants

Question 34

criteria pollutants

Answer 34

ground-level ozone (most widespread), carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead

Question 35

air pollution probelms

Answer 35

asthma, stroke, pneumonia, COPD, cardiovascular, cancer, immunological effects, reproductive problems, birth defects, infant health, neurological problems`

Question 36

long term mercury exposure

Answer 36

uncontrolled shaking or tremors, numbness or pain in a certain part of the skin, blindness and double vision, inability to walk well, memory problems, seizures, death with large exposures

Question 37

Safe Drinking Water Act

Answer 37

1974 protect public health by regulating the nations public drinking water supply

amended in 1986 and 1996: many actions to protect drinking water and its sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and groundwater wells)

Question 38

drinking water state revolving fund

Answer 38

help finance infrastructure improvements needed to protect public health and ensure compliance with drinking water standards

Question 39

water pollutants

Answer 39

sewage and domestic wastes
industrial wastes and effluents
insecticides and pesticides
detergents and fertilizers
thermal pollution
radioactive materials
climate change

Question 40

1980 Comprehensive Environmental Respose, Compensation and Liability Act

Answer 40

created a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries and provided broad Federal authority to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment

Question 41

short term removals

Answer 41

actions may be taken to address releases or threatened releases requiring prompt response

Question 42

long term remedial response

Answer 42

permanently and significantly reduce the dangers associated with releases or threats of releases of hazardous substances that are serious, but not immediately life-threatening

Question 43

Brownfields Program

Answer 43

empower states, communities, and other stakeholders in economic redevelopment to work together in a timely manner to prevent, assess, safely clean up, and sustainably reuse brownfields.

Question 44

Consolidated Appropriations Act 2018

Answer 44

increased the grant money for clean up of Brownfield sites and allows local governments and nonprofits interested in redeveloping abandoned properties and private investors more opportunities to do so.

Question 45

food safety contaminants

Answer 45

toxic metals and organic halogenated compounds, chemicals used to production of food (pesticides & veterinary drugs and antibiotics), contaminants arising from food packaging, or natural toxins in food

Question 46

Food safety agencies

Answer 46

Food and Drug Administration (Department of Health and Human Services); Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA); Environmental Protection Agency; National Marie Fisheries Service (Department of Commerce)

Question 47

outrage factors

Answer 47

emotional factors that influence perception fo risk (involuntary, industrial, and unfair)