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Population Health > Population Health Test 3 > Flashcards

Population Health Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

vulnerable populations

A

risk for disparate healthcare access and outcomes because of economic, cultural, ethnic, or health characteristics

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2
Q

vulnerable population examples

A

racial or ethnic minorities, children, elderly, socioeconomically disadvantaged, underinsured, or those with certain medical conditions

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3
Q

vulnerable population subgroups

A

incarcerated, immigrants, Native Americans, LGBTQ individuals, veterans, homeless, and those with mental illness

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4
Q

Social Determinants of Health effect

A

unstable housing, low income, unsafe neighborhoods, poor access to care, unhealthy behaviors, and substandard educatiion

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5
Q

Department of Health and Human Services uses FPL to determine needs for these groups

A
  • The National School Lunch Program
  • The Low-Income Home
  • Energy Assistance Program
  • The Children’s Health
  • Insurance Program
  • Supplemental Nutritional
  • Assistance Programs
  • Women’s, Infants, & Children
  • Headstart
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6
Q

Poor

A

living below the poverty level

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7
Q

Deep poverty

A

living at 1/2 of the poverty level

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8
Q

low income

A

living at twice the poverty level

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9
Q

neer poor

A

living slightly above the poverty level but inadequate income

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10
Q

United States Census Burea

A

issues public report calculating the Poverty Threshold

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11
Q

Poverty Threshold

A

calculates the level of poverty in the country

  • estimated number of people that are poor living at the poverty level
  • one-dimensional and does not consider the geographical difference in populations of the effectiveness of current programs
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12
Q

Supplemental Poverty Measure

A

(2010) uses cash resources and noncash benefits and subtracts necessary expenses

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13
Q

Global Multidimensional Poverty Index

A

(2010)
* Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative
* United Nations Development Program
uses health, education, and standard of living indicators to determine the degree of poverty experienced by a population

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14
Q

2030 end poverty and hunger everywhere

A
  1. combat inequalities within and amount countries
  2. build peaceful, just, and inclusive societies
  3. protect human rights and promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls
  4. ensure the lasting protection of the planet and its natural resources
    * inclusive and sustained economic growth, shared prosperity, and decent work for all, taking into account different levels of national development and capacities
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15
Q

Johnson’s War on Poverty

A
  • Kerner Commission 1967
    1. intense rioting in communities leads to an investigation
    2. untenable living conditions
    3. institutional racism
  • racism and discrimination must be addressed
  • social programs should be made more easily available
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16
Q

The Fair Housing Act 1968

A

prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, religion, or nationality

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17
Q

Clinton Administration 1993-2000

A

The lowest poverty rate of 11.3%

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18
Q

Factors Affecting Growing Number of Poor Persons in The United States

A

decreased earnings, increased unemployment rates, inadequate welfare benefits, weak enforcement of child support statutes, changes in the labor force, increase in female-headed households, dwindling Social Security payments of children, increased numbers of children born to single women, inadequate education and job skills, inadequate antipoverty programs, trade deficits, debts, involvement in wars, outsourcing of American jobs

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19
Q

Changing Face of Povertry

A

most affected?

  1. senior adults (.65)
  2. children (,18) have the highest poverty rate
  3. single mother households
    * wage gap
    * motherhood penalty
  4. minorities
    * African Americans (double of whites)
    * Hispanics (current increase)
    * American Indians
20
Q

Children: Adverse Health and Development

A 
low birth weight
infant mortality
language development
chronic illness
environmental exposure
poor nutrition
increased injury
toxic stress
21
Q

toxic stress

A

a condition characterized by excessive or prolonged activation of the physiologic stress response systems in the absence of the buffering protection afforded by stable, responsive relationships

22
Q

Child poverty is associated with what?

A

life long hardship

23
Q

American Academy of Pediatrics

A
  • centered around government safety net programs

* additional programs which provide parental support and build resiliency in children

24
Q

African Americans

A
  1. increase in chronic diseases
    * diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, asthma, HIV/AIDS
  2. increase in victims of homicide
  3. increase in premature death
25
Q

American Indians

A
  1. high prevalence of suicide, obesity, teenage pregnancy, substance abuse, liver disease, SIDS
  2. homes lack adequate water purification and sewage systems
  3. lack of access to quality care if in a rural area
26
Q

Hispanics

A
  1. cultural and language barriers, immigration status, lack of insurance
  2. preventative services are utilized less frequently
27
Q

Homeless (Department of Housing and Urban Development)

A

individuals who lack fixed, regular, and nighttime residence

28
Q

transitional homelessness

A
  • most common

younger and generally enterr a shelter or temporary housing system for only one brief stay (catastrophic event)

29
Q

Episodic homelessness

A

individuals who are currently homeless and have experienced at least 3 periods of homelessness in the previous year. (disabled, substance abuse, mental illness, medical problems)

30
Q

Chronic Homelessness

A

*less common
older individuals with complex, long-term health issues and live on the street, in a car, park, or other location that is not suitable for human habitation

31
Q

Hidden Homelessness

A
  • unreported and undocumented
    couch surfing
    do not access homeless supports and services
32
Q

Annual Homeless Assessment Report

A

HUD report in the U.S. Congress that provides nationwide estimates of homelessness (demographic characteristics, service use patterns, the capacity to house homeless persons)

33
Q

Homeless Management Information Systems

A

data about persons who experience homelessness during a 12-month period

34
Q

Point-in-time count

A

bi-annual, last 2 weeks fo January
required for HUD funding
* counts sheltered people (emergency shelters) and unsheltered people

35
Q

Continuum Care Programs

A

region or local planning that coordinates housing and services

  • relies on PIT counts to redirect funding, services, & resources
  • manages services offering prevention and holes assistance programs
36
Q

Factors Leading to Homelessness

A
  1. poverty
  2. lack of affordable housing
  3. Decrease in governmental support programs
  4. Domestic violence
  5. mental illness
  6. substance abuse
37
Q

Who is homeless

A
  • > 24
  • male
  • non-hispanic
  • white

largest subsets

  1. children and youth
  2. LGBTQ
  3. veterans
  4. mentally ill
  5. battered women
38
Q

Community Mental Health Centers Act

A

(1663)
creat outpatient community health centers which would be funded with assistance for the federal government
* unsuccessful and “put to rest” when President Regan took office

39
Q

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

A

(1981)
funds shifted to this act after the Community Mental Health Centers act was “put to rest”
*inadequate and those with severe mental disorders were neglected and unable to receive adequate care

40
Q

Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act

A

(1986)

  • funding of the Community Support Program
  • provides grant money to states to develop comprehensive services for psychiatric discharged patients
41
Q

American Disabilities Act

A

(1990)
* prohibit discrimination against those with mental and physical disabilities and promote equality in employment and access to public services

42
Q

Mental Health Parity Act

A

(1996)

  • passed and changed in 2008 to the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act
  • insurers cover mental health issues (depression or substance use disorders), no more restrictively than diabetes or cancer patients
43
Q

Affordable Care Act

A

(2010)
* prohibited discrimination in coverage for preexisting conditions and prohibited discontinuation of coverage because of illness

44
Q

National Alliance for the Mentally Ill

A

largest consumer advocate mental health organization dedicated to building better lives for those affected by mental illness

  • 1979 small families
  • today 48 state organizations (Nebraska)
45
Q

right to mental health services

A

least restrictive environment, consumer involvement in treatments, advocacy, and availability of rehabilitative and recovery services

46
Q

mental illness prevalence

A
  • 1-5 adults in the U.S. and even higher rates amongst children under 15 will experience a severe mental health issue.
  • can lead to hypertension, stroke, and cardiovascular disease
  • decreased life span by 25 years
  • suicide is on the rise and top 10 leading cause of death by CDC

Population Health (3 decks)

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