population health in extensively farmed livestock Flashcards
how diagnose poor thrift
look at growth rates and body condition score
poor thrift can be due to
- poor nutrition
- trace element deficiency
- parasitism
4 most relevent trace elements
- cobalt
- selenium/vit E
- copper
- iodine
soil and plant analysis on diagnosing trace element deficiensies
not very useful as plants and animals absorb trace elements differently
cobolt is a component of
vit B12
what is vit B12 involved in
glucose pathway
in severe cases of cobolt deficiency you see (2)
- eye discharge
- anaemia due to bone marrow defects
selenium/vit E does what
thought to protect against free radicals
selenium/vit E deficiency causes (3)
- whit muscle disease
- poor growth rates if subclinical
- if severe then you get white diaphragm causing death due to respiratory distress
why is opper needed
part of enzymes
clinical signs of copper deficiency (3)
- brown spectacles around the eyes
- poor thrift
- diarrhoea
copper deficiency lambs
sway back a neuronal deficiency
iodine deficiency clinical sign
goitre (enlarged thyroid gland)
trace element animal testing (2)
- blood test
- liver biopsy
tx trace element deficiency
do a control trial with supplements and some without to see if it makes any economical difference
define gross margin
output - variable costs
cost benefit analysis how to
plot graph with cost on x-axis and benefit on y-axis and the before and after change
- if benefits outweigh the cost then it is worth doing
define sosts from cost benefit analysis
new costs and revenue forgone
define benefits from cost benefit analysis
costs saved and new revenue
most nematode cycles are (length)
3 weeks
liver fluke life cycle LA is
indirect going through mud snail
majority of worms tive where on grass
first 5 cm
grazing and worm burden
graze lighter to try and reduce worm burden as short gass will have most worms
define sudden death
death within 24 hours of last being seen
