mastits

Question 1

most common cause of dry cow mastitis

Answer 1

arcanobacterium pyogenes

Question 2

what tissue make up bulk of mammary gland

Answer 2

parenchymal gland tissue

Question 3

what surrounds alveoli in mammary gland to push milk out

Answer 3

myoepithelium

Question 4

define teat/stretch canal mammary gland

Answer 4

external orifice of teat

Question 5

define furstenbergs rossette

Answer 5

valves causing one way flow out of teat

Question 6

3 routes of pathogens into mammary gland

Answer 6

• galactogenic
• haematogenous
• percutaneous

Question 7

3 structural things that stop pathogens entering teat

Answer 7

• furstenberg’s rosette
• smooth muscle sphincter at end of teat
• plug of keratin over end of teat with antimicrobial properties

Question 8

lactoferin action

Answer 8

iron binding protein that inhibits bacterial growth

Question 9

lactoferin secreted by (2)

Answer 9

• secretory epithelium

- neutrophils

Question 10

defensins are

Answer 10

antimicrobial peptides

Question 11

gross appearance of peracute gangrenous mastitis (7)

Answer 11

• swollen
• painful
• rapid progression to moist gangrene
• dark blue-black
• cold to touch
• cut surface has dark haemorrhagic lobules
• ventral abdominal oedema

Question 12

2 types mastitis

Answer 12

• dry cow (summer)

- lactating

Question 13

biggest cause lactating mastitis

Answer 13

streptococcus uberis

Question 14

staphylococcus aureus found

Answer 14

skin and mucous membranes

Question 15

staphylococcus aureus can avoid immune detection by

Answer 15

going intracellular

Question 16

6 pathogenicity factors of staphylococcus aureus

Answer 16

• alpha toxin
• beta toxin
• TSST-1
• protein A
• hyaluronidase lipas
• fibronection-binding protein

Question 17

alpha toxin is a

Answer 17

necrotising toxin

Question 18

beta toxin action

Answer 18

damages cell membranes

Question 19

TSST-1 action

Answer 19

a superantigen it acitavte T cells non specifically

Question 20

protein A action

Answer 20

covers bacteria binding immunoglobulins the wrong way around

Question 21

fibronection-binding protein action

Answer 21

allows bacteria to stick to walls

Question 22

vaccine staphylococcus aureus

Answer 22

no vaccine

Question 23

streptococcus agalactiae vaccine

Answer 23

no vaccine

Question 24

streptococcus dysgalactiae prduces

Answer 24

the superantigen - streptococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin

Question 25

streptococcus dysgalactiae how infects teat

Answer 25

trauma or wound

Question 26

where streptococcus dysgalactiae found normally

Answer 26

skin

Question 27

streptococcus dysgalactiae vaccine

Answer 27

no vaccine

Question 28

6 pathogenicity factors of e. coli

Answer 28

- alpha haemolysin - CNF-1 - endotoxin - Fe aquisition from lactoferin - K types - adhesive pili

Question 29

mycoplasma bovis found where normally

Answer 29

genital and respiratory tract

Question 30

lactation mastitis spread over period

Answer 30

will have an equal spread of cases over lactation period

Question 31

dry cow mastitis spread over lactation

Answer 31

most at the start then tails of in lactation period

Question 32

best ways to spot clinical mastits

Answer 32

strip the milk

Question 33

grade 1 mastitis

Answer 33

- milk change only | - decreased milk yield

Question 34

grade 2 mastitis

Answer 34

``` acute - milk changes - changes to udder - decreased milk yield chronic - as acute but with persistent changes ```

Question 35

grade 3 mastitis

Answer 35

as grade 2 but with systemic illness

Question 36

california milk test goes jelly becase

Answer 36

somatic cell DNA breaks down then reconnects to other DNA

Question 37

somatic cell count and lactation

Answer 37

increased at start of lactation

Question 38

over 200,000/ml somatic cell indicates

Answer 38

sub clinical infection

Question 39

bulk tank somatic cell count should be less than

Answer 39

150,000/ml

Question 40

how many somatic cells make milk unfit for human consumption

Answer 40

over 400,000/ml

Question 41

bry cow therapy is where

Answer 41

a long acting antibiotic is given at the start of the drying off period

Question 42

5 point plan for controlling mastitis

Answer 42

- prompt detection and tx of clinical cases - post milking teat dip - dry cow therapy - cull the persistently infected - regular servicing and maintenance of milk machinw

Question 43

calculation of how often to change milk machine liners (days)

Answer 43

(2500 x number of milking units) / number of cows

Question 44

size of cubicle for cow

Answer 44

2.3m by 1.2m

Question 45

target for clinical mastitis

Answer 45

30 cases/ 100 cows / year

Question 46

problem cows and mastitis are

Answer 46

cows that have more then 3 cases of mastitis in one lactation

Question 47

how tell difference between contagious and environmental mastitis

Answer 47

contagious has more cases and higher somatic cell count from bulk milk tank

Question 48

define bactoscan

Answer 48

number of bacteria in bulk milk tank

Question 49

bactoscan target

Answer 49

less than 20,000/ml

Question 50

bactoscan has to be under

Answer 50

50,000/ml

Question 51

4 sources of bactoscan bacteria

Answer 51

- mastitis - contamination of milk - dirty milking machine - failure to refrigerate properly