Population Geography Flashcards
Discuss how countries gather accurate population data
1: A full census- It’s a survey carried out every 10 years in The UK. Each householder is asked to complete a detailed questionnaire about the number of people living in the household.
2: The government holds information on people from medical registration, bank history, and many more.
3: Civil registration- Between each full census in The UK births, marriages, and deaths are legally recorded to allow resources to be relocated accurately
4: Sampling- Conducting a full census is expensive and not possible yearly to keep recording data the government samples the population.
5: Cost- Census costs money for the whole country but the information it provides enables billions of pounds of taxpayers’ money to be targeted where it’s needed most.
Explain why it is difficult to gather accurate population data in developing world countries
1:Language- Countries with many official languages have to translate their census and employ translators who can speak multiple languages and hundreds of unofficial languages require more translators.
2:Physical landscape- The poor infrastructure and difficult terrain for example the Amazon rainforest makes it difficult for the census forms to be distributed.
3:Cost- Census is expensive for developing countries like Togo, they have higher priorities for government spending including housing and education.
4:Civil war Refugees make counting the population difficult, for example, Iraq has a high number of fatalities and this causes data to be inaccurate.
Translators will be unable to travel to countries that are going to war it wouldn’t be safe for them either.
5:Illitracy - Some people didn’t get the privilege of learning to read and write therefore there are unable to fill in the census form.
6:Corruption and lies -Ethnic tensions between tribes may lead to inaccurate data.
7:Migration-People move to developed countries but there are most likely illegal immigrants therefore they wouldn’t fill in the form due to the fear of getting deported.
Explain the impact that having a youthful population has on a country
1: The total population increase significantly puts additional pressure on services and resources like education, health care, food, and housing.
2: Housing in Ghana like in many developing countries is overcrowded. This problem is likely to continue with many people being forced to live in shantytowns eg: in Dharavi Mumbai.
3: There will be a much larger potential workforce which may attract multinational companies to the country.
4: An increase in the active age group, however, could also result in higher levels of unemployment or underemployment.
5: In total there will be twice as many children so significant in maternity hospitals, immunization programs will be needed to prevent diseases such as TB and polio. It will be necessary to build more schools and train more teachers to support the growing number of young people. However, there might not be the funding in place to do this successfully.
6: Government policies may charge to be more anti-natalist and promote smaller families to control population growth. They might also encourage net emigration from the nation to reduce the problems of over-population.
7: With life expectancy increasing, it will also be necessary to invest in health care to meet the needs of an aging population in the future.
Explain in detail the impact that having an aging population has on country
1: The increase in elderly will lead to an increased cost of pension to the government, both in terms of more people and people living longer and tax increases due to contributions for the economically active population to cover the cost.
2: Positive migration policies may need to be encouraged, which fills the gaps in the economy that are needed. However, this may lead to tension between different cultures.
3: The retirement age may need to be increased to 75 and more services for older people such as care homes, meals on wheels, and elderly care homes.
4: There may be lower unemployment in the future however a decrease in the economically active population may lead to a skill gap, as a result, there might be an increase in robots doing the jobs of people eg: Self-checkouts in the supermarket.
5: Citizens may be encouraged to invest in private health care schemes because the government will not be able to provide for everyone. There will also be an increased strain on the Health Service to meet the aging population eg: Heart medication.
6: The falling birth rate may lead to a decline in demand for services for children such as schools which leads to closer and potentially unemployment in that sector and a lack of jobs in the future.
Explain the push and pull factors for the migration of Poland/Syria to The UK
PUSH
: Loss of farmland in the area due to overgrazing.
: Mechanization leading to a reduction in agricultural jobs.
: Low wages from agricultural employment.
: Low standards of living.
: Poor sanitation, water supply, and rural infrastructure.
: Poor rural services such as health care and education.
: Civil and political unrest.
PULL
: Job opportunities in the manufacturing and services industry sector.
: Better educational and healthcare services.
: Higher wages
: Extended family has already moved there.
: Better housing, sanitation and water supply.
: Access to amenities such as shops, and entertainment for the younger people.
The impacts of the migration of the receiving country UK to Poland/Syria
HOST=POSITIVES- Jobs are filled in sectors that nationals do not want to farm, manual labor, or drive lorries.
This boosts the economy and in turn, creates more jobs.
increase taxation and NI from migrant workers.
Migrant workers are also required to fill in skilled roles form eg: The UK health services.
HOST=NEGATIVES- Puts an increased strain on already struggling services such as housing.
There might be more people claiming benefits that we can’t afford to pay.
Strain is put on services such as schools and the NHS for more staff and appropriately qualified staff.
Can cause tensions between ethnic groups eg: Racism and violence can follow.
The impact of the migration of the Donor country UK to Poland/ Syria
POSITIVES: The movement of people away usually reduces unemployment within that nation.
Also, the movement alleviates strain on national resources eg: schools, housing, and health care.
Workers who move generally return home better educated and up-skilled which makes them more employable and an asset to the nation.
Workers earn more money abroad and send most of it home to their families. These are known as remittances.
NEGATIVES: The people who are normally able to financially or educationally. This leads to the nation losing its best people this is known as brain drain.
Migration can lead to the breakdown in family structures and relationships such as Divorce rates are higher in donor countries.
Future generations may suffer negatively if services cannot be provided to a suitable standard due to professionals emigrating
