Glaciated landscapes Flashcards
Explain in detail with the aid of annotated diagram the formation of a Corrie.
Snowfall accumulates in North facing hollows when snowfalls in winter and then melts in summer. North-facing slopes are shaded so snow lies longer snow is compressed due to gravity to form neve then ice. Plucking is ice frozen onto bedrock pulling loose rocks away from the back wall. Abrasion is the angular rock that’s embedded in the ice grinds the hollow. Freeze-thaw occurs when water cracks in the rock till fragments break off. An example is BrownCove
Explain in detail with the aid of annotated diagram the formation of a U-Shaped Valley.
Snow accumulates in North Facing hollows when snowfalls in winter then melt in summer. North facing slopes are shaded so snow lies longer snow is compressed due to gravity to form neve then ice. Plucking is ice frozen onto bedrock pulling loose rock away from the back wall. Abrasion is angular rocks embedded in the ice grind the hollow. Freeze-thaw occurs when water cracks in the rock till fragments break off. Former interlocking spurs cut off by glaciers result in steep spurs. For example The Glencoe in Scotland.
Explain in detail with the aid of annotated diagram the formation of a Hanging Valley.
Snow accumulates in North facing hollows when snowfalls in winter and then melts in summer. North-facing slopes are shaded so snow lies longer. Snow is compressed due to gravity to form neve then ice. Plucking is ice frozen onto bedrock pulling loose rock away from the back walls. Abrasion is an angular rock embedded in the ice that grinds the hollow. Freeze-thaw occurs when water cracks in the rock till fragments break off. The rivers return to the valley it creates a waterfall as it joins the main valley there known as Cascading Sreams.
Explain in detail with the aid of an annotated diagram the formation of a Pyramidal Peak.
Their steep-sided summit is formed when there 3 or more corries cut back together. Snow accumulates in North facing hollows when snowfalls in winter then melt in summer. North facing slopes are shaded so snow lies longer compressed snow accumulates into neve then ice. Plucking is ice frozen on to bedrock pulling loose rock away from the back wall. Abrasion angular rocks embedded in the ice grind the hollow. Freeze-thaw occurs when water cracks in the rock till fragments break off. This leaves a pointed jagged peak. Example Mount Snowdown in Wales.
Explain in detail with the aid of annotated diagram the formation of a Terminal Moraine.
It’s an arc-shaped ridge made up of rock deposits at the front of a glacier. A glacier moves down the valley it gathers eroded material which it transports down the valley. Rocks on the valley floor are pushed along the snout of the glacier. The furthest point reached by the glacier snout is where the derbies are dropped, leaning against the glacier itself. Material deposited is unsorted there is little to no water present to carry and arrange it into layers meaning the erosive action of water hasn’t rounded the rock. When the temperature rises the glacier retreats and at each stage of retreat it leaves a Terminal. The glacier doesn’t need to remain stationary for some time to let deposits build up at its snout and leave a sizable moraine. They can be as high as 30 to 40 m and wide as the valley or corrie. Terminal Moraines form dams behind which long, narrow, ribbon lakes form.
Explain in detail with the aid of an annotated diagram the formation of an Esker.
Fluvial Glacial deposits mean they have been deposited with the aid of water as well as ice. Eskers are found in the width water present stone there moved and they bang into each other meaning sharp edges are knocked off and become rounded this is known as attrition. Esker is ridges made of sand and gravel deposited by glacial meltwater flowing through tunnels within and underneath glaciers. Over time the tunnel gets filled with sediments. As the ice retreats the sediments are left behind as a ridge in the landscape. Deposits are laid down in layers, with smaller deposits forming bands on the riverbed when there’s less meltwater due to cold temperature. When it’s warmer there is more meltwater and so the river carries larger rocks depositing the in bands when the flow slows.
Explain in detail with the aid of an annotated diagram the formation of a Drumlin.
There formed of till material deposited by ice. They are elongated features that can reach a kilometer and height of 50m. The stoss end is steeper than the two ends and is used to face into the ice flow. The lee slope becomes lower as you move away from the source of the ice. This means that the highest point will always be at the Stoss end of the drumlin and the lower point will be at the end of the lee slope. It’s common to find several drumlins grouped, the collection of drumlins is called a Swarm.
The Lake District Glaciated landscape study. Explain in detail the conflicts between tourists and people living near the area.
Traffic congestion and Air and Noise pollution: rural areas have narrow roads that tourists use a lot and its causes traffic, air, and noise pollution.
Overcrowding and lack of packing: Tourist park along the road which is illegal or anywhere they like this cause disruption of habitat on grassland.
Footpath erosion: Tourists often wander off unmarked footpaths which leads to footpath erosion.
Financial Impact: When tourists wander off to unmarked footpaths they most likely destroy farmers’ land by using them as shortcuts.
Litter: In areas such as lakes there is much harmful litter like broken glass left all over and if they’re thrown in the water it’s harmful to the aquatic life.
Dog litter is also left all over and they attract insects and rats which makes the area less appealing.
The strain on local services: Buses, trains, rubbish collection are full which makes it difficult for locals to commute or get their trash collected.
Increased waste collection: Restaurants and hotels have an overflow of trash which overfills the site and along country roads trash can be dumped impacting the scenery
Holiday homes for affluent people: Affluent people from cities purchase holiday homes they only live there for a few months of the year and there not kept well causing young people from the countryside unable to afford a home in the area
Increased number of speedboats and jet skies: Areas like beaches have a high number of jet skies and resulting in erosion, pollution, and killing off aquatic life.
Quarrying: Quarries produce large quantities of dust that settle on plants and it stunts their growth.
The conflict between farm animals and tourist animals: Framers leave their animals to roam freely on their land the tourist animal may be unleashed and roam around the farm and collide with the animals from the farm, therefore, causing conflict between a farmer and a tourist, the farmer will restrict movement near their farm.
Solutions to conflicts between people and tourists.
Increase in use of cycle routes: This helps reduce traffic congestion which frees locals and tourists to go about their days.
Improve quality and durability of footpaths: Local stone footpaths are being built to reduce erosion.
Speed limits: They have been introduced to water users to reduce wake eg: Lake Windermere.
Traffic restrictions: Double yellow lines have been used to limit traffic in local towns
Temporary car parks: This helps reduce parking on the side of the road and farmers can make revenue from providing fields for parking.
Shielding developments by planting trees around them is a long-term solution because trees take a long time to grow.
Wood steps are to be introduced to reduce erosion and re-routing to protect the restricted areas.
Introduce Kissing gates to farmers to ensure gates are not left open and prevent animals from escaping.
Encourage people to carry their litter: Litter bins in remote areas have been removed because it’s difficult to empty some bins regularly this encourages people to take their litter home.
The government can help fist time buyers through affordable homeownership
Explain in detail with the aid of an annotated diagram the formation of a Ribbon Lake.
Snow accumulates in North facing hollows when snowfalls in winter and then melts in summer. North-facing slopes are shaded so snow lies longer. Snow is compressed due to gravity to form neve then ice. Plucking is ice frozen onto bedrock pulling loose rock away from the back wall. Abrasion is an angular rock embedded in the ice that grinds the hollow. Freeze-thaw occurs when water cracks in the rock till fragments break off. Former interlocking spurs were cut off by glaciers resulting in steep spurs. Lakes form where softer bedrock is eroded. Ribbon lakes form where a terminal moraine creates a dam. Example Lake Windermere
Explain in detail with the aid of an annotated diagram the formation of an Arete.
It is a narrow steep-sided ridge, found between the sides of two corries. Snow accumulates in North Facing hollows. Snow falls more in winter than melts in summer. North Facing slopes shaded is where snow lies with accumulated snow compressed due to gravity to form neve then ice. Plucking is ice frozen onto bedrock pulling loose rock away from the back wall. Abrasion is angular rocks embedded in the ice that grinds the hollow. Freeze-thaw occurs when water cracks in the rock till fragments break off. The sides of the corrie migrate backward leading to converging a narrow knife-edge ridge formed in between. An example is Striding Ridge.
