Population Genetics And Natural Selection Flashcards
Process that changes populations of organisms over time
Evolution
Competition for limited resources such as food, space, water
Survival of the fittest
An evolutionary process that changes anatomy, physiology, and behavior, resulting in an improved ability
Adaptation
Rare traits, no matter how favorable, would be blended out of a population
Blending inheritance
Augustinian monk, developing the facility with mathematics necessary to complete theory of natural selection
Gregor Mendel
Famous and influencial work of Gregor Mendel
Pisum sativum
Alternative form of genes
Alleles
Consists of observable characteristics, which result interactions between the genetic makeup of the individual and it’s environment
Phenotype
Sticky cinquefoil
Potentilla grandulosa
Variation among individuals in form and function as a result of environmental influences
Phenotypic plasticity
Acts to impede changes or stop changes in population
Stabilizing selection
Have lower rates of reproduction and survival
Extreme phenotypes
Favors an extreme phenotype over other one phenotype in the population
Directional selection
It favors two or more extreme phenotypes over the average phenotypes in a population
Disruptive selection
Evolution by natural selection depends upon the
Heritability of traits
Environment has substantial effect in many aspects of the phenotype of organisms
Environmental variance
Among individuals in the population
Genetic variation
Egg size among Ural Owl
Stabilizing selection
Adaptation by soapberry bugs to new host plants
Directional selection
Population of Darwin’s finches
Disruptive selection
Genus with larger beaks are able to crack and feed on larger seeds
Geospiza
Change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance
Genetic drift
Two main types of genetic variation
Bottleneck event
Founding event
The original population undergoes a random event
Bottleneck event
A number of individuals in a particular population is isolated from that population
Founding event
Evidence of genetic drift in
Chihuahua spruce
Predicts that small population size will be more subject to genetic drift
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Organisms are solely found in a particular area or habitat
Endemic
Is the mating between close relatives
Interbreeding
Indicator of genetic variability
Heterozygosity
Animal and plant breeder have produced thousands of variaties of domesticated plants
Artificial selection
Alteration of genetic makeup of an organism through the introduction or deletion of genes
Genetic engineering
The world’s most widely herbicide, commonly sold under the trade name roundup
Glyphosate
