Population Genetics

Question 1

Population dispersion

Answer 1

refers to the general pattern in which individuals are distributed through specific area

Question 2

Clumped dispersion

Answer 2

Favourable conditions for survival and social behaviour

Question 3

Uniform dispersion

Answer 3

• Competition for feeding, breeding or nesting territory

- less common in nature

Question 4

Random dispersion

Answer 4

• rare in nature, minimal influence or interaction with other individuals
• Habitat conditions are virtually uniform

Question 5

Changes to population numbers

Answer 5

1 Mortality (m)
2 Emigration (e)
3 Natality (n)
4 Immigration (i)

Question 6

Biotic potential

Answer 6

• The maximum number of offspring that can be produced when there are no restrictions
• An organism reaches its biotic potential and there is unlimited food, water etc.

Question 7

conditions for hardy weinberg

Answer 7

The population is infinitely large
No migration occurs
no mutation occurs
No natural selection occurs
mating is random

Question 8

founder effect

Answer 8

When individuals from a large population leave to establish a new population, The resulting genetic drift is called a founder affect

Question 9

bottleneck effect

Answer 9

When a random, severe environmental event Result in a drastic reduction in population size ( and genetic drift ) it is known as a bottleneck affect

Question 10

gene flow

Answer 10

The movement of alleles from one population to another through the movement of individuals or gametes

Question 11

natural selection vs mutations

Answer 11

Mutations provide a source of variation, but natural selection ask on individuals and their phenotypes

Question 12

Exponential growth (J shaped)

Answer 12

Lag face - at the beginning the population is small so growth of his population is slow but as the number increases the population will experience an exponential rate of growth

Exponential growth demonstrates growth limited only by biotic potential

Question 13

Carrying Capacity

Answer 13

-Is a limit to the number of individuals that an environment can support at any given time

Question 14

Logistic Growth (S shaped)

Answer 14

• Eventually competition for resources will slow the rate of growth
• Limited by carrying capacity but just a growth is most like the population growth seen in a wild population

Question 15

K selected species

Answer 15

• How do you offspring per cycle/Take a long time to mature/live a long life and usually larger in size
• Numbers stay close to the carrying capacity
• Display an S shaped logistic graph

Question 16

R selected species

Answer 16

• Organisms that have a high biotic potential, like insects
• Short lifespan, early reproductive age, produce lots of offspring
• Their population spike and then have a drastic drop (J shaped curve)

Question 17

density dependent factors

Answer 17

a factor that influences a population at a particular density

ex. disease/ intraspecific competition/ predation

Question 18

density independent factors

Answer 18

a factor that has the same influence on a population at any population density

ex. habitat destruction/ natural disasters/ human action

Question 19

limiting factors

Answer 19

-Of all the resources that a population requires for growth, the resource in shortest supply is called the limiting factor, and it determines how much the population can grow

Question 20

exploitative competition

Answer 20

consumption of shared resources, one species monopolizes the resource

Question 21

competitive exclusion

Answer 21

the concept that, if resources are limited, no two species can remain in competition for exactly the same resource indefinitely

Question 22

defense mechanisms

Answer 22

morphological - horns spikes etc

mimicry- looks like another animal to scare away

Question 23

succession

Answer 23

slow, progressive replacement of one community by another during development of vegetation in the area

Question 24

primary succession

Answer 24

plant life in area not previously covered by vegetation

Question 25

secondary succession

Answer 25

succession in that area that DID have vegetation and still has some soil

Question 26

pioneer community

Answer 26

the first species to appear during succession