Genetics Review Flashcards
Progeny
offspring
Allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
Law of Segregation
During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
Test cross
you cross the individual of the unknown
genotype with an individual with a recessive genotype.
Pleiotropic gene
a single gene that controls more than one trait
Wild type
refers to the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature
Incomplete Dominance
when a dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of a recessive allele, and the organism’s resulting physical appearance shows a blending of both alleles/ new phenotype
Codominance
both alleles are dominant and the phenotypes of both alleles are expressed
Polygenic trait
A polygenic trait is one whose phenotype is influenced by more than one gene
Epistatic gene
a gene that determines whether or not a trait will be expressed
Dominant Autosome
the mutated gene is a dominant gene located on one of the nonsex chromosomes (autosomes)
Barr Body
an inactive X chromosome in a cell with more than one X chromosome
Locus
a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located
