Population Genetics Flashcards
When do you use Blastn?
Query: nucleotide
Database: nucleotide
=> From nucleotide to nucleotide
When do you use Blastp?
Query: Protein
Database: Protein
=> From Protein to Protein
When do you use Blastx?
Query: Translated Nucleotide
Database: Protein
=> From Translated Nucleotide to Protein
When do you use tBlastn?
Query: Protein
Database: Translated Nucleotide
=> From Protein to Translated Nucleotide
What is BLAST?
Basic local alignment search tool
What is a Mendelian population?
A group of interbreeding individuals who share a common set of genes (gene pool)
Diploid vs. Haploid
Diploid:
- Cells contain two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes
- Reproduced by mitosis
Haploid:
- Half the number of chromosomes (n)
- result of meiosis
Allele
Variant of a gene
Locus
Specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene is located
Trait
A genetically determined characteristic
Complete dominance
Only one allele in the genotype is seen in the phenotype
Incomplete dominance
A mixture of the alleles in the genotype is seen in the genotype
Codominance
Both alleles in the genotype are seen in the phenotype
Homozygous
Individual organisms carrying two identical alleles (AA, aa)
Heterozygous
Individual organisms carrying different alleles (aA, Aa)
Hemizygous
When genotype is determined by a single gene/factor
What are the three laws of Mendel?
- Rule of dominance
- Rule of Segregation
- Rule of independent assortment
What is meant by the rule of independent assortment?
Selection of an allele for one trait has nothing to do with the selection of an allele for the other.
What is meant by the rule of segregation?
Each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
Rule of dominance
The dominant alleles mask the recessive
Genotype
Genetic makeup
Phenotype
Observant traits
