Population Genetics Flashcards
What is a gene pool?
The total of all the alleles of all the genes of all the individuals
What is population sampling?
Applying statistics from a small group to the entire population
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
It looks at an ideal population that doesn’t exist. It says that there is no change in genetics
What are the 5 parts of evolutionary theory?
1) there’s a struggle for survival
2) there is immigration/emigration
3) there are mutations
4) occurs in small populations
5) there is non-random mating
What are the 5 parts of the Hardy-Weinberg theory?
- no struggle for survival
- no immigration/emigration
- no mutations
- large populations
- random mating
What are some causes of micro evolution in a population?
Mutations, genetic drift, non-random mating, migration, and natural selection
What is a genetic drift?
A change in allele frequencies due to chance events in a small population
What is a population bottle neck?
When an event occurs that drastically reduced a population size. The gene pool rapidly decreases as well
What is the founder effect?
A gene pool that occurs when a few individuals start a new and isolated population. They may have less diversity than the original
What is gene flow?
The net movement of alleles from one population or another. Causes the genetic diversity of a population to increase but diversity decreases between populations
What is the difference between allopathic speciation and sympatric speciation?
Allopatric occurs because of a physical barrier. Sympatric occurs due to a biological barrier
What are the three kinds of population distribution?
Uniform, clumped and random
What 4 factors determine population size and growth?
Birth, death, immigration, and emigration
What is a climax community?
A biological community of plants or animals that has reached a steady state?
What is a population?
A group of interbreeding individuals within a gene pool in a given Area at a specific time
