Cell Division (Mitosis and Meiosis)

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

Cell division in somatic cells.

Question 2

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 2

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

Question 3

What occurs during prophase?

Answer 3

The nuclear membrane disappears. The centrioles go to opposite poles. The chromatin coils into visible chromosomes. Spindle fibers form between the centrioles.

Question 4

What occurs during metaphase?

Answer 4

The chromosomes align at the middle/equator of the cell and the centromeres attach to the spindle fibers.

Question 5

What occurs during anaphase?

Answer 5

The centromeres divide. The spindle fibers pull the chromatids apart to the opposite poles.

Question 6

What happens during telophase?

Answer 6

The chromosomes are at each pole. The cytoplasm divides and a new nuclear membrane forms. The daughter cells enter G1 phase.

Question 7

What is the difference in plant cell mitosis?

Answer 7

There are no centrioles so the spindle fibers appear out of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic division is done by a cell plate.

Question 8

What is meiosis?

Answer 8

A two stage cell division in germ cells

Question 9

What are haploid and diploid cells?

Answer 9

Diploid has a full set of chromosomes (2n) and a haploid has a single set (n)

Question 10

What are the two outcomes of meiosis?

Answer 10

Reduction division (diploid to haploid) and independent assortment

Question 11

What is a homoloug?

Answer 11

A pair of chromosomes. Determined by size, banding pattern, and centromere location.

Question 12

What is a karyotype?

Answer 12

The arrangement of homologous pairs by smallest to largest

Question 13

What is prophase 1?

Answer 13

Similar to prophase. The homologues find each other and twist together to form a tetrad.

Question 14

What is metaphase 1?

Answer 14

Similar to metaphase. Chromosomes align on the equator.

Question 15

What is anaphase 1?

Answer 15

The centromeres do not divide on each chromosome. Each pair of sister chromatids goes to the opposite pole. Diploid to haploid

Question 16

What is telophase 1?

Answer 16

The chromosomes aggregate at each pole. Cytokinesis occurs.

Question 17

What is interphase 2?

Answer 17

The nuclear membranes, nucleoli and chromatin reform

Question 18

What is prophase 2?

Answer 18

Chromosome reappear. Spindle fibers form.

Question 19

What is metaphase 2?

Answer 19

Chromosomes align on equator.

Question 20

What is anaphase 2?

Answer 20

The centromeres divide like in mitosis. A chromosome goes to either end of the cell.

Question 21

What is telophase 2?

Answer 21

Cytokinesis occurs. 4 daughter cells are produced

Question 22

What is non-disjunction?

Answer 22

Too many or too few chromosomes are in each cell at the end of meiosis. Chromosomes do not divide properly. Can happen in anaphase 1 or 2

Question 23

What is turners syndrome?

Answer 23

Only one X. A sterile female

Question 24

What is Kleinfelters syndrome?

Answer 24

XXY. A sterile male

Question 25

What is Down’s syndrome?

Answer 25

Trisomy 21

Question 26

What is Edwards syndrome?

Answer 26

Trisomy 18. Severe abnormalities

Question 27

What is Pataus syndrome?

Answer 27

Trisomy 13. Severe defects

Question 28

What is the alteration of generations?

Answer 28

An alteration of asexual and sexual reproduction. Occurs in moss. Alters between a gametophyte (haploid generation) and sporophyte (diploid generation)