Population Genetics

Question 1

Mendelian population

Answer 1

Group of interbreeding, sexually reproducing individuals with a common set of genes

Question 2

The gene pool is characterized by

Answer 2

Genotypic frequencies, allelic frequencies

Question 3

Genotypic frequency

Answer 3

Proportion of a particular genotype

Question 4

Frequency of an allele=

Answer 4

f(A)= (2(AA)+(Aa))/2N

Question 5

Allelic frequency

Answer 5

Copies at allele/copies of all alleles at locus

Question 6

Frequency with more than 2 alleles

Answer 6

A1= (2(A1A1)+1(A1A2)+(A1A3))/2N

Question 7

Frequency of sex linked alleles

Answer 7

Allele 1
Female- 2*X1X1+X1X2
Male-X1Y

(WHEN ADDING FOR WHOLE POPULATION, ADD MALES AND FEMALES!)

Question 8

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium assumptions

Answer 8

No natural selection
No mutation
No migration
Large population
Random mating

Question 9

What does the hardy weinberg equilibrium predict?

Answer 9

Allelic frequency won’t change
Genotypic frequency stabilizes after one generation in proportions

Question 10

Hardy weinberg equation

Answer 10

p^2+2pq+q^2

Question 11

Positicve assortive mating

Answer 11

Like individuals mate

Question 12

Negative assortive mating

Answer 12

Non like individuals mate

Question 13

Inbreeding

Answer 13

Related individuals mate preferentially

Question 14

Inbreeding depression

Answer 14

Reduced fitness due to increase in recessive traits

Question 15

How do mutations create new alleles?

Answer 15

Making new proteins

Question 16

How does migration alter gene pools?

Answer 16

Genes move between populations and alter allele/genotypic frequency

Question 17

Differences between populations are _____ over time with migration

Answer 17

Reduced

Question 18

The amount of change in allelic frequencies due to migration depends on

Answer 18

The amount of migration
The difference in allele frequency between populations

Question 19

Natural selection

Answer 19

Organisms with alleles that let them survuce reproduce more (but can take several generations for levels to level out)

Question 20

Genetic drift

Answer 20

Change in allelic frequencies because of sampling error (Small population size

Question 21

Causes of genetic drift

Answer 21

Continual small population size, founder effect (few breeding adults to start), bottleneck effect (most of a population wiped out)

Question 22

What is the cause of evolution?

Answer 22

Genetic drift

Question 23

What are the effects of genetic drift?

Answer 23

Change in allelic frequencies within a population
Loss of genetic variation
Genetic variation between populations differing over time

Question 24

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