Population Genetics

Question 1

What is a population?

Answer 1

the smallest sustainable unit of a species

Question 2

What is evolution?

Answer 2

change in genetic material or allele frequencies overtime (any Hardy-Weinberg violation or change)

Question 3

what is micro evolution?

Answer 3

change (one or more genes) in species over short periods of time

Question 4

what is macro evolution?

Answer 4

change in species over long periods of time that can generate new species

Question 5

study of micro evolution?

Answer 5

change in genetic composition of gene pool of a local population (using Mendel laws, bio chemistry, and math models.

Question 6

what is a gene pool?

Answer 6

all genes of a local population, they interbreed, live in same environment, same changes in natural selection.

Question 7

what are allele frequencies?

Answer 7

number of time an allele occurs in gene pool compared to total alleles (# of certain allele over totally alleles of all types)

Question 8

how does genetic variation allow for evolution?

Answer 8

variation in gene pool creating polymorphic population (2 or more alleles in a gene pool)

Question 9

what are sources of variation?

Answer 9

mutation, meiotic genetic recombination, random fusion of gametes

Question 10

Random fusion of gametes

Answer 10

fertilization is a matter of chance with about 1 million sperm available

Question 11

What does the Hardy-Weinberg equation do?

Answer 11

predicts the relationship between the allele frequencies in the gamete pool and genotype frequencies in the next generation

Question 12

what is the H-W formula?

Answer 12

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Question 13

H-W Law

Answer 13

Allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause frequencies to change.

Question 14

what is genetic equilibrium

Answer 14

genetic equilibrium=allele frequencies remain constant=no evolution

Question 15

What are the H-W assumptions?

Answer 15

Diploid, sexually reproducing, Non-overlapping generations, random mating, large population, no migration, no mutation, no natural selection.

Question 16

Non-overlapping generations

Answer 16

parents die before offspring reproduce (ex: annual plants)

Question 17

Random Mating

Answer 17

all members have equal chance of passing on alleles (random sampling)

Question 18

Large population

Answer 18

genetic drift has little affect

Question 19

No migration

Answer 19

gene pool kept separate from others and kept together

Question 20

No mutation

Answer 20

introduces new alleles and allele frequencies change

Question 21

no natural selection

Answer 21

all genotypes must have equal probability of mating