Population Genetics Flashcards
What is a population?
the smallest sustainable unit of a species
What is evolution?
change in genetic material or allele frequencies overtime (any Hardy-Weinberg violation or change)
what is micro evolution?
change (one or more genes) in species over short periods of time
what is macro evolution?
change in species over long periods of time that can generate new species
study of micro evolution?
change in genetic composition of gene pool of a local population (using Mendel laws, bio chemistry, and math models.
what is a gene pool?
all genes of a local population, they interbreed, live in same environment, same changes in natural selection.
what are allele frequencies?
number of time an allele occurs in gene pool compared to total alleles (# of certain allele over totally alleles of all types)
how does genetic variation allow for evolution?
variation in gene pool creating polymorphic population (2 or more alleles in a gene pool)
what are sources of variation?
mutation, meiotic genetic recombination, random fusion of gametes
Random fusion of gametes
fertilization is a matter of chance with about 1 million sperm available
What does the Hardy-Weinberg equation do?
predicts the relationship between the allele frequencies in the gamete pool and genotype frequencies in the next generation
what is the H-W formula?
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
H-W Law
Allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause frequencies to change.
what is genetic equilibrium
genetic equilibrium=allele frequencies remain constant=no evolution
What are the H-W assumptions?
Diploid, sexually reproducing, Non-overlapping generations, random mating, large population, no migration, no mutation, no natural selection.
