Heart & Circulation

Question 1

What is cytoplasmic streaming?

Answer 1

Movement of oxygen, food, and wastes through the cell membrane, skin, and/or mouth.

Question 2

What is an open circulatory system?

Answer 2

Blood is not contained in vessels, but instead surrounds the organs. (There is no guarantee that you’re getting everything where it needs to go.)

Question 3

What is a closed circulatory system?

Answer 3

Blood is carried through blood vessels.

Question 4

What is a two-chambered heart?

Answer 4

1 atrium & 1 ventricle (blood goes in atrium and shoots out ventricle.) {FISH}

Question 5

What is a three-chambered heart?

Answer 5

2 atria & 1 ventricle, oxygenated blood from one atria and deoxygenated blood from the second atria mix in the single ventricle and then are pumped to skin, lungs, and body. {AMPHIBIANS +REPTILES}

Question 6

What is a four-chambered heart?

Answer 6

2 atria & 2 ventricles, don’t mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood because pulmonary circulation is separated from other circulation. {MAMMALS + BIRDS}

Question 7

What is blood circulation?

Answer 7

transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste.

Question 8

In what order does blood move through the blood vessels?

Answer 8

♡︎⇨aorta⭆arteries⭆arterioles⟱
⇧vena cava⭅vein⭅venule⭅ capillarie
(exchange)

Question 9

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 9

Blood travels between heart and other tissues.

Question 10

What is blood pressure?

Answer 10

Blood exerts pressure against blood vessels. Measured with a sphygmomanometer. (NORMAL BP=120/80mmHg)

Question 11

What is systolic? (Blood Pressure)

Answer 11

Ventricles contract, arteries under pressure

Question 12

What is diastolic? (Blood Pressure)

Answer 12

ventricles relax, arteries less pressure

Question 13

What is a heartbeat?

Answer 13

An electric impulse regulated by the pacemaker or SA (sinoatrial) node in the right atrium. Passed to AV (atrioventricular) node in septum that contracts the ventricles.

Question 14

What is the 1st heartbeat sound?

Answer 14

Systole - ventricle contract, AV valves close

Question 15

What is the 2nd heartbeat sound?

Answer 15

Diastole - Ventricle relax, Aortic and pulmonary valves close.

Question 16

What do red blood cells or erythrocytes do?

Answer 16

They contain a protein called hemoglobin which carries oxygen (O2) from lungs to rest of body.

Question 17

What are platelets?

Answer 17

Aid in clotting or coagulation. Pieces of cells. (Old blood cells gather around cuts to stop the bleeding)

Question 18

What do White blood cells or leukocytes do?

Answer 18

Destroy bacteria - antibodies or ingestion (protect from infection - part of immune system)

Question 19

What is Plasma?

Answer 19

Liquid part of blood, 90% water (solvent). Contains; protein, ions, amino acids, sugars, salts, & other chemicals needed to support body functions.

Question 20

What is lymph?

Answer 20

Specialized cells, water, large proteins, salts. Returns intercellular fluids to the bloodstream maintaining blood volume. Lymph nodes filter foreign substances and store white blood cells (fights infection).

Question 21

Describe Homeostasis in the circulatory system.

Answer 21

The circulatory (transportation) system allows substances to be carried throughout the body so organs can do their regulatory functions needed to maintain balance of the organism.

Question 22

What is the sliding filament theory?

Answer 22

Explains muscle contraction. Myosin fibers have beads that “walk” along the actin fibers. This pulls the Z lines of a sarcomere together causing the sarcomere to shorten. Shortening of the sarcomeres causes the muscle to contract.

Question 23

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 23

blood flow between heart and lungs

Question 24

What is coronary circulation?

Answer 24

supplies blood to the heart

Question 25

what is Hepatic - portal circulation?

Answer 25

supplies blood to liver and intestines

Question 26

what is renal circulation?

Answer 26

supplies blood to the kidneys

Question 27

what are all the structures that oxygenated blood passes through?

Answer 27

1. Capillaries in Lungs
2. Venules coming from the lungs
3. pulmonary vein
4. Left Atrium
5. Bicuspid Valve
6. Left Ventricle
7. Aortic Valve
8. Aorta
9. Artery
10. Arteriole
11. Capillary (exchange)

Question 28

What are the fibers in the septum called that allow ventricles to contract?

Answer 28

Bundle of His

Question 29

What is an advantage of a four-chambered heart?

Answer 29

Separation of blood from the lungs and blood from the rest of the body increases efficiency of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood, body cells, and lungs.