Evolution and the Origin of Life Flashcards
What does fossil evidence do?
It is a record of organisms not found on Earth today, Determines the relationship of extinct and living species, shows the rate of evolutionary change, and shows transitional stages between species.
What is artificial selection?
Humans selectively breed organisms (humans choose “favorable” traits)
What is natural selection?
nature chooses “favorable” traits
What is a homologous structure?
can be compared to other species based on “structure”
What are analogous structures?
share the same function but not same structure- so organisms are not evolutionarily related.
What are vestigial structures?
no longer of use and have accumulated mutations that make them smaller
what is coevolution?
change in one organism in response to a change of another - common in predator/prey relationships.
-observation of the effects of natural and artificial selection.
Ex: Tortoise and cacti - in different environments.
Differences in closely related species often show adaptations to different environments.
What part does variation play?
in genes it is needed for evolution.
What is the genetic and molecular evidence from pseudogenes?
show relation (copies - of nearly identical DNA that don’t function), not translated or transcribed - so not subjected to natural selection thus they accumulate mutations faster than functional genes.
what does genetic and molecular evidence compare?
homologous proteins ex: globin and hox genes
