Population Ecology (W7 L4) Flashcards
Dispersal?
= movement of individual animals from place to birth to where it reproduces.
Dispersal attributes? (2)
• Based on an individual’s decision about where to occur on the landscape.
• Can also apply to seeds from plants & spores from fungi.
Dispersion & Distribution is based on?
Based on several individuals in a population.
Dispersal is based on?
Based on an individual’s decision about where to occur on the landscape.
Migration?
= movement back & forth between seasonal home ranges.
Local movement?
= fine-scale movement within home ranges.
Immigration/Emigration?
= movement into or out of a study area of arbitrary size or delineation (movement into or out of a population).
Dispersion?
= the spatial pattern of locations demonstrated by individuals (eg, animals, plants, fungi, bacteria) in an area.
Dispersion attributes? (2)
• Based on several individuals in a populations.
• Population level outcome of dispersal.
Distribution?
= the area occupied by a population or species depicted as a line drawn around a dispersion.
Forms of movement? (2)
● The minimum distance needed to reach the nearest unoccupied habitat.
● The longer distances, crossing suitable areas before settling in an ideal/optimal habitat.
Minimum distance needed to reach the nearest unoccupied habitat?
= animals wander around until they find places that are good enough.
Suitable areas in longer distances…?
= good enough areas.
Why is the 2nd form of movement a risky strategy?
Forms of mechanisms? (2)
● Young are pushed by parents out of the natural home range.
● There is a genetic or physiological prompt to move away from natal areas.
Explain 1st form of mechanism?
When mothers are planning to have more children & need space to keep those future young.
Egs of 1st form of mechanism? (2)
• Birds.
• Mammals (Rhino).
Eg of 2nd form of mechanism?
Salmon.
Forms of dispersal? (2)
• Pre-saturation.
• Saturation.
Pre-saturation dispersal?
= young leave the natal home range even if the population is in low abundance.
Saturation dispersal?
= young animals leave when the population reaches the threshold density determined by food availability/food limitation.
Pre-saturation dispersal attributes? (2)
• Common in small mammals.
• Happens before the population is saturated & full of competition.
When does Pre-saturation dispersal happen? (2)
Before population is saturated & full of competition.
Benefits of Pre-saturation dispersal? (2)
• Avoids inbreeding.
• Avoids competition for mates.