Population Dynamics Flashcards
Identify characteristics of stage 1 of the DTM
High birth rate
High death rate
Example- no countries in this stage today
Stable or slow increase in population
Many children needed for farming resulting in many deaths of children.
No family planning
Disease, famine
Poor medical knowledge = many deaths
Identify characteristics of stage 2 of the DTM
High birth rate
Low death rates
Very rapid increase in population
Improved healthcare
Improved sanitation
Eg. Niger
Identify characteristics of stage 3 of the DTM
Birth rates and death rates fall
Better education
Low infant mortality
Less children needed to work
Eg. Bangladesh
Identify characteristics of stage 4 of the DTM
Low birth and death rates
Stable population
Good education and hygiene
Desire for smaller families
Eg. Australia
Identify characteristics of stage 5 of the DTM
Very low birth rates and low death rates
Total population high
Again population
Financial independence of women
Good healthcare
Reliable good supply
Eg. Japan
What is the demographic transition model?
A more recent model for identifying population changes. It attempts to describe, explain and predict the way a population could change over time, passing through a series of stages from an agriculturally based society to an urban based one…
What are population dynamics?
The changes that occur in a population, and includes how and why these changes occur.
Population change can result from the difference between birth rates and death rates.
Describe the distribution of the population.
- global population of just over 7.2 million in early 2015 (very unevenly distributed
- approximately 75% live within 1000km of the coastline
- less than 10% live in the Southern Hemisphere
- 26 mega cities each with over 10 million people
- highest densities - Asia and Europe
- lower densities - Africa and Australia
- Antarctica is the only continent without a permanent population
Describe the global population growth. Why?
- was slow until the 1750s
- reached 1 billion in the early nineteenth century
- 120 years for second billion and just 35 years for third
- worlds fastest growth rate of 2.1% in mid 1960s
- 6 billion in 1999
- global population growth has slowed since the 1990s due to a rising for marriage, wider use of contraceptives and smaller families in many countries
- predicted population of 9.6 billion by 2050 and 11 billion by 2100
What is meant by Crude Birth Rates? What countries have the highest and lowest CBRs?
Crude birth rates are the number of births per 1000 people per year in a population not taking into account gender or age.
The highest levels of birth rates are occurring in African countries with Niger recording the highest of 45.5 per 1000.
The lowest birth rates are in Japan with just 7.9 per 1000
Why are birth rates high in some populations but low in others?
Often in developing countries there are higher birth rates as a result of:
- high mortality rates
- children seen as economic assets
- limited contraception
- low levels of education
In more economically developed countries such as japan, birth rates have lowered as a result of:
- children being an economic liability
- increased knowledge on contraception
- more women having careers
What is Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?
What countries have the highest and lowest TFR?
Why is an increased TFR an issue?
TFR is the average expected number of births per women of child bearing age (15-49).
Lowest = Singapore: 0.8
Highest = Niger: 6.8
TFR can create an ‘demographic dividend’ as it becomes lower, the workforce becomes smaller as the ageing population grows.
What is meant by Crude Death Rates (CDR)?
What countries have the highest and lowest CDR?
Why have Crude death rates fallen?
CDR relates to the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year in a population.
Highest = South Africa : 17.5
Lowest = Qatar : 2.5
CDR have fallen as a result of:
- increased knowledge and control of disease
- government programs
- green revolution (increased global food supply)
How is natural increase or decrease calculated?
CBR - CDR = Natural Increase or Decrease
What is meant by the term Infant Mortality Rate?
How has thus figure changed?
The average number of deaths of persons less than one year of age per 1000 live births in a year.
In 1960 the global infant mortality rate was 114 per 1000.
In 2015 the global average was just 17 per 1000 live births
