Population & Development Flashcards
1
Q
What are 6 resins for a high birth rate?
A
- High infant mortality rates (children dying before they reach the age of 1) means parents have more children to ensure some survive into later life.
- Developing countries do not have wide availability of contraception (condoms etc.) due to the cost of it.
- There is a lack of family planning education which means people are not aware of how to prevent pregnancies such as using contraception.
- In developing countries, children work on family farms to earn more money for their families so having more children means they have more workers
- Girls tend to leave school at a younger age and get married young. Therefore, they start having children younger and have a longer time to have more children.
- Elderly parents are cared for by children as there is no pension/care schemes so the more children people have, the more they will be looked after in their old age.
2
Q
Give 5 reasons for a low birth rate.
A
~There is wide access to, and education about, family planning and contraception which means people are able to choose whether or not they want to have a baby.
- People get married later in life, meaning families are generally smaller as they don’t have as much time to have a lot of children.
- The improved status and education of women mean they choose careers and have children later in life which means they don’t have time to have a lot of children due to their biological clock.
- Raising a family is expensive and people in developed countries would rather use their wealth for their own lifestyles such as buying cars and going on holidays.
- There is a lower infant mortality rate in developed countries so it is not necessary to have as many children.
- Elderly people are taken care of by the government in the form of pensions so there is not as much need for their children to look after them in their old age.
3
Q
Give 4 reasons for a high death rate.
A
- Famine is common and therefore there is a lack of food which can lead to starvation.
- Malnutrition is caused by a poor diet and is a result of not having a wide access to various types of food. This is made worse by poor crop yields in developing countries.
~ Diseases are caused by poor sanitation and a lack of clean water which can cause more people to die.
- There is a lack of affordable medical care so that if people do get ill or are injured, they are unable to access medical care and therefore more likely to die.
- High rates of conflicts may cause a high death rate, particularly in fighters but also in civilians.
4
Q
Give 3 reasons for a low death rate.
A
- Access to healthcare and doctors and affordable healthcare means that less people in the country will be dying.
- Good sanitation and access to clean water means water-related diseases such as Cholera are not as common.
- A good provision of food and proper food storage means that people have a healthier diet.
5
Q
Name 6 Factors affecting Population Distribution.
A
- Climate
- Relief
- Soil
- Natural Resources
- Services
- Conflict
6
Q
Explain how Climate affects Population Distribution.
A
- Many people live in temperate climates where there is enough rainfall to provide water.
- Rainforests have low population density as they are uncomfortable to live in due to the humidity.
- Few people tend to live in areas like the Sahara Desert because temperatures are very high and rainfall is low making farming difficult.
7
Q
Explain how Relief affects the Population Density.
A
- People prefer to live on flat, low-lying areas because it is easier to build on.
- Coastal areas allow trade to take place easily from ports located by the sea, so people live nearby for jobs.
8
Q
Explain the effect Soil has on Population Distribution.
A
- People prefer to live in areas with fertile soils so that crops can be grown to supply food.
- Few people live in the north of Scotland because the soil quality is poor so few crops can be grown.
9
Q
Explain how Natural Resources affect the Population Distribution.
A
- Many people tend to live in areas where there are minerals and raw materials to extract and sell.
- Natural landscapes with beautiful scenery attracts tourists which generates jobs in hotels, shops and restaurants.
10
Q
How do Services affect Population Distribution?
A
- Cities like London are highly dense as there are more jobs in different sectors.
- More people move to urban areas as there are more training and education.
- Large cities offer more services, such as healthcare and entertainment, which make them more popular places to live.
11
Q
How does Conflict affect Population Distribution?
A
- Population density in areas like Syria/Afghanistan is falling due to people fleeing conflict.
- This can increase population densities in neighbouring areas such as Iran, Turkey and Lebanon as refugee camps develop.
12
Q
What is life expectancy and what does it show?
A
- A measure of how many years a person is expected to live.
- Can afford healthcare, have advanced treatments and access to clean water and nutritious food.
13
Q
What is the number of people per doctor and what does it show?
A
- The number of doctors employed - if HIGH - doctors have lots of people to look after.
- No money for training, limited resources, little access to education, and privatised healthcare.
14
Q
What is Birth Rate and what does it show?
A
- A low birth rate means low infant mortality rate, developing country as people need children to work, and access to contraception and education.
15
Q
What does % of people employed in Agriculture show?
A
- Developing countries usually have a high percentage.
-Subsistence farming is common in developing.
- In developed countries, farmers have been replaced by machines and wages in farming have decreased.
