Population Change Flashcards
what is an exponential rate
growing faster and faster
stage 1
HIGH BR- no contra/lots die
HIGH DR- poor healthcare
EG- few tribes
stage 2
HIGH BR-no contra/ for work
FALLING DR-improving healthcare
EG-Ethiopia
stage 3
FALLING BR-equal women/education/contra
FALLING DR- medical advances
EG-India
stage 4
LOW BR- urbanization
LOW DR- healthcare
EG-UK
stage 5
FALLING BR-less money for kids due to elderly dependents
LOW DR- healthcare
EG- Italy
Social impacts of population growth
kids work to support large families
overcrowded- health- resources
Economic impacts of population growth
increase in unemployment
increased poverty
Political impacts of population growth
less elderly-less focus on pensions
enforcing of education and healthcare to develop
policies to bring growth undercontrol
strategies to cope with population growth
Birth control- limited no. kids,sex education and contraception- CHINA
Immigration- limiting number and age of people who come in
Population of China
1.3 billion
when/what is Chinas one child policy
1979- for one child you get; longer maternity leave, better housing and free education
if you have more- fine
how many births were prevented in china
400 million
what was the fertility rate in china in 1970 and today?
1970-5.7
2013-1.8
what were the exceptions of the one child policy
if you lived in a rural area and children are needed for work, you can have another child if your first child is a girl or disabled
Indonesia has the….biggest population in the world
4th- 240 million
what is the population of java?
130 milion
when was the transmigration policy started in Indonesia?
1960’s
how do we know it wasn’t effective?
it caused a lot of conflict and there is no less poverty
how are ageing populations created?
fewer people being born and a higher life expectancy
what are the economic impacts of an ageing population?
there are less people paying for more pensions, retirement homes, healthcare
economic growth slows down due to less money being spent of education and healthcare
what are the social impacts of an ageing population?
healthcare is stretched
4-2-1
drop in birthrate due to ther being less mone to afford having kids
people are forced to retire later
what are unsustainable strategies involved in managing ageing population? (make population bigger)
1) encouraging larger families- in Italy women are payed to have more kids
2) encouraging immigration to increase working population
what are more sustainable ways of managing an ageing population?
1) raising retirement age
2) raising taxes
in the uk, what % of people were over 65 in 2005
16%
what will the % of pensioners be in 2041-uk
25%
life expectancy difference in the uk
6.4 years more in me between 1980-2006
average nights stayed in hospital for the uk and uk pensioners
8 nights- uk average
13 nights- 75+ average
Uk’s strategies to cope with an ageing population
- raise retirement age
- encourage immigration
- tax credits for having more children
- encouraging private pensions - less dependant on state
what are the uk rising the retirement age to and when?
2046- from 65+60 to 68
what percentage of immigrants are under 34 from the eu?
80%
why don’t we know if managing ageing population strategies have worked?
we have to wait and see
what are push factors of countries?
confict
economy
natural disasters and weather
water supply
what are pull factors od countries/
jobs
safer
higher wage
better sol
Positive factors of immigration on the source country?
less strain on resources
money is often sent back
Positive factors of immigration on the receiving country?
more independents
increased labour force
negative impacts on source countries of immigration?
labour shortage
highly skilled people emigrate
ageing population
negative impacts of immigration and receiving country?
competition for jobs- tension
strain on resources
over crowdedness
alot of money is sent back to source country
how many people came to the uk from Poland between 04-07
half a million
what is the unemployment in poland
19%
the average wage in Poland is …. of the average eu wage
1/3
what are the housing shortages in Poland/
1000 people for 300 accommodations
what are the uk’s pull factors?
1) uk allow unlimited migration
2) higher wages and more demand for tradesmen
3) good exchange rate- sending a pound back is a lot of money
what happened to polands population after 2004?
it fell by 0.3% and so did BR
How much money was sent backto Poland from abroad in 2006/
€3 billion
what were the impacts of migration for the Uk?
1) slight population increase
2) boosted economy
3) new business’s - shops for polish
4) church attendencies went up
in 2001 how many emigrants were caught crossing the Mediterranean
45,000
when and how many peple were forced out of their homes in sierra leonne
1991-2002- 2million
what are the impacts on north Africa from migration?
1) working population is reduced
2) families become seperated
what are the impacts of spain from migration?
1) social tension
2) more unskilled workers- wages fall in these jobs
3) increased BR due to a lot of young immigrants
