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Biology > Population And Sustainability > Flashcards

Population And Sustainability Flashcards

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0
Q

Threats to the Galapagos

A
  • increasing population from tourism as more jobs= more pressure more waste
  • over fishing- quotas met lots of opposition
  • tourism- stricter measures needed
  • exotic species- bring goats/rats eating vegetation/eggs
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1
Q

Galapagos (captive breeding)

A
  • 14 giants tortoises left
  • 100 offspring released
  • only successful if habitat maintained
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2
Q

Galapagos conservation projects (project isabela)

A
  • specifically trained hunters to lower goat population
  • ‘judas’ goats released with trackers to find the rest
  • complete by 2006
  • vegetation returned
  • endangered insects improved
  • tortoises pop improved
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3
Q

Endemic species

A
  • found in only one are or country

- ie galapagos islands

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4
Q
  • increasing forrest efficiency
A
  • matching the tree to the conditions
  • the optimum distance between each tree
  • control pests and pathogens
  • use all the tree ie for fuel
  • very best use of land
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5
Q

Long rotation time

A
  • leaving sections of the forrest for many years before re-foresting
  • time for species variation to build up
  • less disturbance from machinery
  • although less cost effective
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6
Q

Selective cutting

A
  • felling only largest/most expensive trees
  • although some disruption minimum + habitat maintained
  • good on slopes prevents erosion unlike clear felling
  • & maintain nutrients in the soil
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7
Q

Clear felling

A
  • removal of all trees from an area at once

- not gd for the ecosystem

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8
Q

Sustainable forestry

A
  • can mean removing timber in a way such that it will still be available in years to come
  • or maintaining the ecosystem
  • ie selective cutting or long rotation time
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9
Q

Coppicing

A
  • doesnt destroy woodland
  • may improve biodiversity
  • cut at the base and new stems available to grow
  • small in diameter though
  • plus labour intensive and not very cost effective
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10
Q

Rotational coppicing

A
  • coppicing different areas each year to allow them to grow
  • good for biodiversity
  • allows light to woodland floor
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11
Q

Coppice with standards

A
  • some trees in each area not cut & allowed to grow full ie standard
  • after can be replanted or coppiced
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12
Q

Reasons for conservation

A
  • economic - so constant timber supply forever + ie fish levels
  • social - tourism + jobs + happiness
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13
Q

Conservation

A
  • the active management of habitats in order to maintain/ increase biodiversity
  • not necessarily a natural process
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14
Q

Biodiversity

A
  • range of habitats & communities & species in an area & the genetic variation that exists within each species
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15
Q

Interacting factors

A
  • different factors together tend to control poo size& distribution
  • ie barnacles
  • not too high temp change to much dependent on high/low tide
  • not too low not enough rock space + predation
  • not much balanus & chthalmus together as balanus grows faster
16
Q

Interspecific competition

A
  • competition between organisms of different species
  • when the niche of 2 organisms overlap
  • bigger overlap= bigger competition
  • can out compete so do co-exist
17
Q

Niche

A
  • the role or position of an organism in an ecosystem

- ie habitat abiotic/biotic factors it affects/affects it

18
Q

Intraspecific competition

A
  • competition between members of the same species

- important in limiting pop size - part of natural selection

19
Q

Competition

A
  • when 2 organisms require a resource that is in short supply
20
Q

Predator-prey relationships

A
  • prey pop increase = increase predator pop as more food
  • limits prey pop + more comp for food = predator pop falls
  • as predator pop decrease - prey pop increases
  • rare as - predator only has 1 prey
    - if predator is the main limiting factor for prey
    - & food = max limiting factor for predators
21
Q

Carrying capacity

A
  • the upper limit on size of a population that can be sustained
  • tends to be caused by a collection of factors
22
Q

Sigmoid growth curve

A
  • the patter of growth shown by many organisms when first introduced to a new enviroment
  • ( lag phase then log phase)
  • ie pop of a microorganism in a closed system
23
Q

Limiting factor

A
  • anything that stops a population from increasing in size

- ie food availability/predators/parasites/nesting sites

24
Q

Population

A
  • a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same place at the same time & can interbreed

Biology (10 decks)

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