Population and environment

Question 1

population of the world

Answer 1

7.9 billion

Question 2

population distribution

Answer 2

How a population is spread globally or
regionally

Question 3

Factors affecting population

Answer 3

• physical environment
• development processes
• global population patterns

Question 4

population density

Answer 4

Measurement of population per unit area,
e.g. population per km2

Question 5

how does the physical environment affect population

Answer 5

CLIMATE:
- climate affects agriculture as
crops need certain conditions to grow, and food is needed to support a population
- affects the incidence of disease, some diseases thrive in certain climates
SOIL:
- the water content, nutritional content, and overall quality of the soil affects agricultural productivity, which is important in providing food
NATURAL RECOURCES:
- clean water is needed for hygiene, sanitation, agriculture, and drinking.

Question 6

How do development processes affect population

Answer 6

NEOTHILIC REVOLUTION:
- 12,000 years ago, there was a shift from mobile
hunter-gatherer populations to agricultural communities. Birth rates and fertility rates
rose as women no longer had to wait to have more children
GREEN REVOLUTION:
- the process of using technology and
more efficient farming practices in agriculture to maximize yields in the 50s
and 60s.
- overall created more food, especially in developing countries, meaning a larger population could be sustained.

Question 7

how do global population patterns affect population

Answer 7

GLOABL POPULATION NUMBERS:
- The world’s population stayed below 1 billion until 1804 , to reach 2 billion it only took just over 100 years.
GLOBSL POPULATION DENSITY:
- Urbanized areas are the most densely populated areas, as many people move for job prospects and opportunities.
- 55% of the population currently live in urban areas

Question 8

food production increase statistic

Answer 8

tripled globally in the past 50 years

Question 9

Reasons for food production increase

Answer 9

• increased use in farming machinery allows for more crops to be collected in a quicker time
• Increased use of farming resources such as herbicides and pesticides, to maximize
  yields.
• Better farming management to maximize yields

Question 10

Food production distribution

Answer 10

• unevenly distributed , with lower income countries producing the least amount of crops.
• richest countries have the largest food supplies, they produce more calories for their population

Question 11

Example of a region with a high crop yield

Answer 11

Eastern Asia:
- consistent high yields
- receives high amounts of rainfall, facilitating in crop growth.

Question 12

Example of a region with a low crop yield

Answer 12

Saharan Africa:
- extreme environmental limitations, such as droughts and temperatures unsuitable for crop growth

Question 13

Food consumption trend

Answer 13

• lower income countries consume less
  food than high income countries.
• HICs have more money to import food and invest in agriculture

Question 14

Food consumption statistics

Answer 14

• Africa consumes the least calories; over 27% of Africa’s population are affected by
  severe food insecurity.
• North America has the
  highest consumption rate, followed by Europe.

Question 15

The agricultural system inputs

Answer 15

• rain
• soil
• pesticides labor

Question 16

Factors that affect agricultural productivity

Answer 16

• type of agricultural system
• climate
• soils

Question 17

The agricultural system processes

Answer 17

• tending to land
• harvesting
• breeding

Question 18

The agricultural system outputs

Answer 18

• crops
• animal produce
• waste

Question 19

how does the type of agricultural system affect agricultural productivity

Answer 19

management strategies with low inputs to maximize outputs allow for high productivity, e.g. commercial farming

Question 20

how does the climate affect agricultural productivity

Answer 20

• precipitation, temperature, winds affect what type of agriculture can occur.
• Some crops and animals can only be farmed in certain
  climates, such as tropical fruits,
• the changing climate,
  and the amount of arable land is decreasing due to climate change (i.e. more floods/ more droughts

Question 21

how does soil affect agricultural productivity

Answer 21

• Different soils are suited to different types of agriculture
• Issues with soils - such as over-farming, erosion, desertification may also decrease productivity, as low nutrients in soil will affect plant growth

Question 22

How Climate Change Affects Agriculture

Answer 22

• increase in extreme weather events decrease productivity, these events can devastate large areas of land
• Rising sea levels due to melting sea ice will cause flooding in low lying areas,
  such as Bangladesh, devastating crop yields
• Pests insects and plant diseases are projected to increase in some areas due to climate change

Question 23

Soil problems

Answer 23

• Wind erosion: displacement of topsoil due to high winds and unstable soil.
• Waterlogging: oversaturation of
  the soil, causing leaching of nutrients.
• Desertification: fertile land becoming dry and desert-like.

Question 24

How soil problems can be caused by agriculture

Answer 24

• wind erosion: Ploughing can cause fine soil to be exposed, which can be blown away.
• waterlogging: Too much irrigation, crops will not be able to grow as the plant ‘drowns’.
• Desertification: Irrigation can cause desertification in the long run, as well
  as overgrazing or overcultivation

Question 25

Management of soil problems

Answer 25

Water:
- redirecting runoff using diversion channels/ terraces
- drainage
Wind:
- trees to block wind
- altering soil composition
Structure:
- cover crops to protect soil

Question 26

Food security

Answer 26

having accessible and affordable food that is safe and nutritious, so that people may live a healthy lifestyle.

Question 27

Increasing access to ensure food security

Answer 27

• increasing a country’s access to foreign markets means they can import food
• Trading agreements such
  as trade blocs
• aid and relief

Question 28

Increasing amount to ensure food security

Answer 28

-technology
- Managing farms more
successfully through
training, farming equipment

Question 29

Increasing efficiency to ensure food security

Answer 29

• increasing the efficiency of a farm can save time and food, meaning overall there is more food available and it may be more affordable as there are less expenditures.
• Equipment and better management can produce more crops in less time

Question 30

Mortality rate definition

Answer 30

number of deaths over time, per unit of population - usually per 1000