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N5 GEOGRAPHY 22/23 > Population and Development > Flashcards

Population and Development Flashcards

1
Q

physical factors that affect population distribution

A
  1. climate
  2. relief
  3. natural resources
  4. soil
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2
Q

human factors that affect populaiton

A
  1. Jobs
  2. War
  3. Services
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3
Q

how does climate affect population?

A

People need moderate climates with enough water to grow food.
Tundra, deserts, rainforests - low populaiton density

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4
Q

how does relief affect population?

A

flat land easier to build on, coasts allow trade, mountains cold and harsh

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5
Q

how does natural resources affect population?

A

can be exploited and sold eg Copper Belt, DRC

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6
Q

how does soil affect population?

A

required for farming and providing food to eat eg Goma, DRC

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7
Q

how do jobs affect population?

A

people live close to work which is decided by proximity to resources, markets and centres of population

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8
Q

how does war affect population?

A

people flee areas of conflict eg Syria leading to population decrease

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9
Q

How do services affect population?

A

good healthcare, education and entertainment encourage high population densities eg NYC

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10
Q

Reasons for low death rates in developed countries

A
  1. access to health and social care
  2. access to pensions
  3. advances in modern medicine
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11
Q

what is development?

A

improvements to people standard of living

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12
Q

what does a social indicator tell us about?

A

a persons quality of life

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13
Q

what does an economic indicator tell us about?

A

the wealth of a nation

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14
Q

what is life expectancy?

A

how many years a person born in a given year is expected to live

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15
Q

Why can development indicators be misleading?

A

They are AVERAGES! eg lower life expectancy in Glasgow than rest of UK

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16
Q

Where would life expectancy be high?

A

Developed countries eg UK, Japan

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17
Q

What can life expectancy tell us about the level of development in a country?

A
  1. Spend money on healthcare
  2. advanced treatments
  3. clean drinking water
  4. nutritious food
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18
Q

What can a high number of people per doctor tell us about the level of development in a country?

A
  1. lack of university level training
  2. poor access to education
    eg Palau
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19
Q

What can a low number of people per doctor tell us about the level of development in a country?

A
  1. privatises health system
  2. profitable business
    eg USA
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20
Q

what is birth rate?

A

number of births per 1,000 women

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21
Q

what is birth rate like in developed countries?

A

low

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22
Q

what is birth rate like in developing countries?

A

high

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23
Q

what can a low birth rate tell us about a country?

A
  1. lower infant mortality rate so women confident children will survive
  2. vaccinations and better healthcare
  3. nutritious food and clean water
    eg Iceland
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24
Q

what can a high birth rate tell us about a country?

A
  1. larger families because children need to work
  2. Lack of widely available contraception and family planning
    eg Niger
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25
When describing a graph what do we need to include?
1. Trend 2. Data from the trend 3. Time period of trend
26
where is % people employed in agriculture high?
developing countries eg Niger
27
where is % people employed in agriculture low?
Developed countries eg UK, Japan
28
What can % people employed in agriculture tell us about the level of development in a country?
1. lots of subsistence farming 2. lack of machinery - more workers 3. developed countries import food - less workers 4. low wages - lower quality of life
29
what is GDP?
gross domestic product - value of all goods and services provided by a country in a year
30
what can GDP tell us about the level of development in a country?
High GDP shows 1. country produces high value goods and has many industries 2. higher levels of tax 3. more money for schools, healthcare 4. higher paying jobs
31
why can GDP be misleading?
coutries with higher populations can appear more developed based on their total GDP
32
What economic indicator can be used instead of GDP?
Average income per person
33
What are composite indicators?
these make multiple economic and social indicators and combine them to give one number
34
Which indicators does HDI include?
1. Gross nation product per capita 2. life expectancy 3. number of years in school
35
What does HDI stand for?
Human Development Index
36
If HDI was high, % of people employed in agriculture would be?
low
37
If HDI was high, number of people per doctor would be?
low
38
If HDI was high, death rate would be?
low
39
If HDI was high, calories consumed per day would be?
high
40
what is death rate?
number of deaths per 1,000 people each year
41
What does DTM stand for?
demographic transition model
42
what three data sets are shown on the DTM?
birth rate, death rate, population
43
Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 1 of the DTM.
BR - High DR - High Natural increase - low and variable
44
Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 2 of the DTM.
BR - High DR - Rapid decrease Natural increase - rapid increase
45
Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 3 of the DTM.
BR - rapid decrease DR - slow decrease Natural increase - slow increase
46
Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 4 of the DTM.
BR - low DR - low Natural increase - low and variable
47
Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 5 of the DTM.
BR - very low DR - low Natural increase - small decrease
48
Example of a country at Stage 1 of the DTM
UK pre-1750
49
Example of a country at Stage 2 of the DTM
Ethiopia
50
Example of a country at Stage 3 of the DTM
India
51
Example of a country at Stage 4 of the DTM
UK or USA
52
Example of a country at Stage 5 of the DTM
Germany or Japan
53
Pyramid shaped population pyramid shows?
1. High birth rate 2. high death rate 3. low life expectancy 4. developing country
54
Bullet shaped populaton pyramid shows?
1. Low birth rate 2. low death rate 3. high life expectancy 4. developed country
55
Reasons for high birth rate in devleoping countries
1. less contraception and family planning 2. Women leave school early - more time to have kids 3. high child mortality - more kids to ensure some survive
56
Reasons for low birth rates in developed countries
1. more school and uni - kids later in life 2. women focus on careers and choose not to have kids 3. fewer kids so families can afford luxeries
57
Reasons for high death rates in developing countries
1. poor healthcare 2. poor sanitation - lack of clean water 3. spread of diseases
58
Birth rate in the UK is...
Low
59
Death rate in the UK is...
Low
60
Life expectancy in the UK is...
High
61
The shape of this pyramid is....
bullet shape with narrow base
62
What is the proportion of young and old dependents?
bullet shape with narrow base
63
Birth rate in the India is...
High
64
Death rate in the India is...
High
65
Life expectancy in the India is...
Low

N5 GEOGRAPHY 22/23 (7 decks)

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