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N5 GEOGRAPHY 22/23 > Population and Development > Flashcards

Population and Development Flashcards

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1
Q

physical factors that affect population distribution

A
  1. climate
  2. relief
  3. natural resources
  4. soil
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2
Q

human factors that affect populaiton

A
  1. Jobs
  2. War
  3. Services
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3
Q

how does climate affect population?

A

People need moderate climates with enough water to grow food.
Tundra, deserts, rainforests - low populaiton density

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4
Q

how does relief affect population?

A

flat land easier to build on, coasts allow trade, mountains cold and harsh

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5
Q

how does natural resources affect population?

A

can be exploited and sold eg Copper Belt, DRC

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6
Q

how does soil affect population?

A

required for farming and providing food to eat eg Goma, DRC

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7
Q

how do jobs affect population?

A

people live close to work which is decided by proximity to resources, markets and centres of population

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8
Q

how does war affect population?

A

people flee areas of conflict eg Syria leading to population decrease

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9
Q

How do services affect population?

A

good healthcare, education and entertainment encourage high population densities eg NYC

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10
Q

Reasons for low death rates in developed countries

A
  1. access to health and social care
  2. access to pensions
  3. advances in modern medicine
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11
Q

what is development?

A

improvements to people standard of living

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12
Q

what does a social indicator tell us about?

A

a persons quality of life

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13
Q

what does an economic indicator tell us about?

A

the wealth of a nation

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14
Q

what is life expectancy?

A

how many years a person born in a given year is expected to live

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15
Q

Why can development indicators be misleading?

A

They are AVERAGES! eg lower life expectancy in Glasgow than rest of UK

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16
Q

Where would life expectancy be high?

A

Developed countries eg UK, Japan

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17
Q

What can life expectancy tell us about the level of development in a country?

A
  1. Spend money on healthcare
  2. advanced treatments
  3. clean drinking water
  4. nutritious food
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18
Q

What can a high number of people per doctor tell us about the level of development in a country?

A
  1. lack of university level training
  2. poor access to education
    eg Palau
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19
Q

What can a low number of people per doctor tell us about the level of development in a country?

A
  1. privatises health system
  2. profitable business
    eg USA
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20
Q

what is birth rate?

A

number of births per 1,000 women

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21
Q

what is birth rate like in developed countries?

A

low

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22
Q

what is birth rate like in developing countries?

A

high

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23
Q

what can a low birth rate tell us about a country?

A
  1. lower infant mortality rate so women confident children will survive
  2. vaccinations and better healthcare
  3. nutritious food and clean water
    eg Iceland
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24
Q

what can a high birth rate tell us about a country?

A
  1. larger families because children need to work
  2. Lack of widely available contraception and family planning
    eg Niger
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25
Q

When describing a graph what do we need to include?

A
  1. Trend
  2. Data from the trend
  3. Time period of trend
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26
Q

where is % people employed in agriculture high?

A

developing countries eg Niger

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27
Q

where is % people employed in agriculture low?

A

Developed countries eg UK, Japan

28
Q

What can % people employed in agriculture tell us about the level of development in a country?

A
  1. lots of subsistence farming
  2. lack of machinery - more workers
  3. developed countries import food - less workers
  4. low wages - lower quality of life
29
Q

what is GDP?

A

gross domestic product - value of all goods and services provided by a country in a year

30
Q

what can GDP tell us about the level of development in a country?

A

High GDP shows
1. country produces high value goods and has many industries
2. higher levels of tax
3. more money for schools, healthcare
4. higher paying jobs

31
Q

why can GDP be misleading?

A

coutries with higher populations can appear more developed based on their total GDP

32
Q

What economic indicator can be used instead of GDP?

A

Average income per person

33
Q

What are composite indicators?

A

these make multiple economic and social indicators and combine them to give one number

34
Q

Which indicators does HDI include?

A
  1. Gross nation product per capita
  2. life expectancy
  3. number of years in school
35
Q

What does HDI stand for?

A

Human Development Index

36
Q

If HDI was high, % of people employed in agriculture would be?

A

low

37
Q

If HDI was high, number of people per doctor would be?

A

low

38
Q

If HDI was high, death rate would be?

A

low

39
Q

If HDI was high, calories consumed per day would be?

A

high

40
Q

what is death rate?

A

number of deaths per 1,000 people each year

41
Q

What does DTM stand for?

A

demographic transition model

42
Q

what three data sets are shown on the DTM?

A

birth rate, death rate, population

43
Q

Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 1 of the DTM.

A

BR - High
DR - High
Natural increase - low and variable

44
Q

Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 2 of the DTM.

A

BR - High
DR - Rapid decrease
Natural increase - rapid increase

45
Q

Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 3 of the DTM.

A

BR - rapid decrease
DR - slow decrease
Natural increase - slow increase

46
Q

Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 4 of the DTM.

A

BR - low
DR - low
Natural increase - low and variable

47
Q

Describe birth rate, death rate and natural increase at Stage 5 of the DTM.

A

BR - very low
DR - low
Natural increase - small decrease

48
Q

Example of a country at Stage 1 of the DTM

A

UK pre-1750

49
Q

Example of a country at Stage 2 of the DTM

A

Ethiopia

50
Q

Example of a country at Stage 3 of the DTM

A

India

51
Q

Example of a country at Stage 4 of the DTM

A

UK or USA

52
Q

Example of a country at Stage 5 of the DTM

A

Germany or Japan

53
Q

Pyramid shaped population pyramid shows?

A
  1. High birth rate
  2. high death rate
  3. low life expectancy
  4. developing country
54
Q

Bullet shaped populaton pyramid shows?

A
  1. Low birth rate
  2. low death rate
  3. high life expectancy
  4. developed country
55
Q

Reasons for high birth rate in devleoping countries

A
  1. less contraception and family planning
  2. Women leave school early - more time to have kids
  3. high child mortality - more kids to ensure some survive
56
Q

Reasons for low birth rates in developed countries

A
  1. more school and uni - kids later in life
  2. women focus on careers and choose not to have kids
  3. fewer kids so families can afford luxeries
57
Q

Reasons for high death rates in developing countries

A
  1. poor healthcare
  2. poor sanitation - lack of clean water
  3. spread of diseases
58
Q

Birth rate in the UK is…

A

Low

59
Q

Death rate in the UK is…

A

Low

60
Q

Life expectancy in the UK is…

A

High

61
Q

The shape of this pyramid is….

A

bullet shape with narrow base

62
Q

What is the proportion of young and old dependents?

A

bullet shape with narrow base

63
Q

Birth rate in the India is…

A

High

64
Q

Death rate in the India is…

A

High

65
Q

Life expectancy in the India is…

A

Low

N5 GEOGRAPHY 22/23 (7 decks)

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