Coastal Landscapes

Question 1

what is a constructive wave?

Answer 1

waves that are low energy and building up coastlines, depositing material

Question 2

what is a destruction wave?

Answer 2

waves that have lots of energy, eroding and removing material from the coastline

Question 3

what is the swash?

Answer 3

movement of the wave up the beach in the direction of the prevailing wind

Question 4

what is the backwash?

Answer 4

Movement of the wave straight back down the beach due to gravity

Question 5

what is the name of our coastal labdscape case study?

Answer 5

Dorset Coast

Question 6

what is hydraulic action?

Answer 6

the sheer force of waves crashing against the shore and cliffs. The power of the waves forces air into cracks, compresses it and blows the rock apart as the pressure is released.

Question 7

what is abrasion at the coast?

Answer 7

the process of rocks and pebbles carried by the waves wearing away rocks as they are thrown against cliffs.

Question 8

what is attrition?

Answer 8

when rocks and pebbles carried by the waves smash into each other, wearing each other away and gradually becoming smaller, rounder and smoother.

Question 9

what is solution?

Answer 9

when chemicals in the seawater dissolve minerals in the rocks, causing them to break up.

Question 10

what is longshore drift?

Answer 10

1. Material is carried by the swash up the beach, the angle determined by the wave and wind direction.
2. It is then pulled down the beach by gravity and the wave’s backwash.
   3.This process is repeated over and over again and the particle moves along the shoreline.

Question 11

what is a cliff?

Answer 11

A cliff is a vertical rock face which meets the sea

Question 12

what is a wave cut platform?

Answer 12

flat area of rock that is often found at the base of a cliff and represents the remnants of a headland eroded by waves

Question 13

what is a wave cut notch?

Answer 13

a hollow formed by erosion at the base of a cliff

Question 14

What occurs between high and low tide?

Answer 14

greatest amount of erosion

Question 15

For headlands and bays to for you need alternating bands of…

Answer 15

hard and soft rock

Question 16

In the formation of headlands and bays, what is differential erosion?

Answer 16

softer rock erodes much quicker than hard rock

Question 17

name an example of a bay.

Answer 17

Swanage Bay

Question 18

name an example of a headland.

Answer 18

Pervil Point

Question 19

what is a headland?

Answer 19

high area of land that extends out into the sea

Question 20

what is a bay?

Answer 20

low lying inlet of land on the coast

Question 21

name an example of an arch.

Answer 21

Durdle Door

Question 22

name an example of a stack.

Answer 22

Old Harry

Question 23

what do hydraulic action and abrasion attack first on a headland?

Answer 23

lines of weakness such as cracks, joints, faults

Question 24

what is a spit?

Answer 24

a long narrow ridge of beach material that extends out into the sea

Question 25

where do spits form?

Answer 25

where the coastline changes direction

Question 26

name an example of a spit.

Answer 26

Studland Spit

Question 27

what often develops behind a spit?

Answer 27

salt marsh

Question 28

what is a sandbar?

Answer 28

a narrow ridge of beach that extends all the way across a bay or gap in the coastline, e.g Chesil Beach

Question 29

where do sandbars form?

Answer 29

where there is a gap (or bay) along the coast

Question 30

Name an example of a sand bar

Answer 30

Chesil Beach

Question 31

what forms behind a sandbar?

Answer 31

lagoon

Question 32

what process transports material along a beach?

Answer 32

longshore drift

Question 33

What direction is material transported along a beach?

Answer 33

in the direction of the prevailing wind