Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Population And Community Dynamics > Flashcards

Population And Community Dynamics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is gene pool?

A

Sum (addition) of all alleles for all the genes in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is allele frequency?

A

Rate of occurrence of a particular allele (SINGULAR LETTER) in a population, with respect to a particular gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 Hardy-Weinberg Conditions?

A
  1. The population is large enough that chance events will not alter allele frequencies
  2. ages are chosen at random
  3. There are no net mutations (passed on)
  4. There is no migration
  5. No natural selection occurring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?

A

p (dominant allele) + q (recessive allele) = 1.00

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equation?

A

p^2 (homozygous dom) + 2pq (heterozygous) + q^2 (homozygous recessive) = 1.00

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Whose genotype do you always know?

A

Homozygous recessive
Unless question gives dominant allele (p)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

Degree of variation within a species or population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle represent?

A

Represents an ideal situation that rarely occurs in natural populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are six processes that cause changes in gene pools?

A
  1. Mutation
  2. Gene Flow
  3. Non random mating
  4. genetic drift
  5. The founder effect
  6. The bottleneck effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is mutation?

A

A change that occurs in the DNA of an individual however only inheritable mutations diversify a gene pool and can provide selective advantage in changing environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is gene flow?

A

Net movement of allele from one population to another due to the migration of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is non random mating?

A

When individuals choose their mates based on physical and behavioural traits, not randomly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is genetic drift

A

A change in allele frequencies due to chance events in a small breeding population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the founder effect

A

The gene pool change that occurs when a few individuals start a new isolated population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the bottleneck effect

A

Gene pool change that results in rapid decrease in population size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is population density

A

number of individuals in a given area or volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how to calculate population density

A

D=N/A or D=N/V
D= density
N= number of indivs
A= area
V= volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

three different distribution patterns with examples:

A

random: caribou moose elk
clumped: humans
uniform: farmland, birds of prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are factors that affect population size?

A

INCREASING FACTORS: natality (birth), immigration (moving into area)
DECREASING FACTORS: mortality (death), emigration (moving out of area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is growth rate?

A

change in number of individuals in a population over a period of time

21
Q

how to calculate growth rate?

A

gr = ⃤N/ ⃤T
gr: growth rate

⃤N: change in number of indivs

⃤T: change in time

22
Q

what is growth rate based on per capita?

A

change in number of indivs in a population per individual of the original population

23
Q

how to calculate per capita population growth rate?

A

cgr = ⃤ N / N
cgr: capita growth rate

⃤. N: change in number of indivs

N: INITIAL number of indivs

24
Q

what are ABIOTIC factors affecting growth

A

air, water, light, wind, soil, pH, temperature, salinity, humidity, inorganic nutrients

25
Q

what are BIOTIC factors affecting population growth

A

competition, predation, symbiosis, disease agents

26
Q

what is biotic potential (r)

A

highest possible per capita growth rate for a population growth given unlimited resources and ideal living conditions

27
Q

what are factors that determine biotic potential (r)

A

of offspring per repro cycle

# of offspring that survive long enough to repro
age of reproductive maturity
life span of indivs/ number of times indivs repro in a life span

28
Q

what does a J-shaped curve on a graph represent?

A

a population growing at its biotic potential, growing EXPONENTIALLY

29
Q

what is lag phase?

A

slow growth due to small population size

30
Q

what is carrying capacity (k)

A

max population size environment can sustain

31
Q

what does a S-shaped curve represent

A

limiting factors slowing growth rate as a population increases, following a LOGISTIC GROWTH PATTERN

32
Q

two types of limiting factors

A

density-independent (abiotic): floods, fires
density-dependent (biotic): limited resources like food or space

33
Q

what are two types of life strategies

A

r-selected strategies: designed to take advantage of favourable conditions
k-selected strategies: designed to take advantage of stable environmental conditions

34
Q

characteristics of r-selected populations?

A
  • short life span
  • reproduce at an early age
  • produce large numbers of offspring
  • provide little or no parental care
35
Q

characteristics of k-selected populations

A
  • few offspring per repro cycle
  • one or both parents caring for offspring
  • offspring takes relatively long time to mature/reach reproductive size
  • large body size
36
Q

what is an ecological community?

A

an association of interacting populations that inhabit a defined area

37
Q

what are population dynamics?

A

changes that occur in populations over time

38
Q

what is intraspecific competition

A

competition for limited resources between members of the same species

39
Q

what is interspecific competition?

A

competition between members of different species in the same community

40
Q

what is symbiosis?

A

direct or close relationship between individuals of different species

41
Q

what are three types of symbiotic relationships?

A

mutualism: both partners benefit from relationship (bee and flower)

commensalism: one partner benefits, the other neither benefits or get harmed (bird making nest in tree)

parasitism: one partner benefits, other gets harmed (mosquito and human)

42
Q

what is succession

A

slow, orderly, progressive replacement of one community by another during development of vegetation in an area

43
Q

what is primary succession?

A

development of a community in an area that is previously barren (no soil present)

44
Q

what is pioneer community?

A

first species to colonize an area and initiate succession

45
Q

what is climax community?

A

the latecomers in process of succession, remains relatively stable unless major environmental changes occur

46
Q

what is secondary succession

A

development of a community following an ecological disturbance

47
Q

what is sustainability?

A

concept of living in a way that meets our needs without compromising the health of future generations

48
Q

what is the seventh generation principle

A

based on an ancient Haudenosaunee philosophy that the decisions we make today should result in sustainable world seven generations into the future

Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions