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Biology > cells, chromosomes, DNA > Flashcards

cells, chromosomes, DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the three possible types of ploidy’s?

A

diploid cell, haploid cell, polyploid cell

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2
Q

what is diploid

A

chromosomes paired in two

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3
Q

what is haploid

A

singular chromosomes (not paired)

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4
Q

what is polyploid?

A

more than two chromosomes grouped together

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5
Q

what happens in interphase?

A

G1 (growth 1), S phase (synthesizing phase), G2 (growth 2)

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6
Q

what happens in g1

A

cell grows quickly

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7
Q

what happens in s phase

A

dna gets replicated, sister chromatids turn into sister chromosome

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8
Q

what happens in g2

A

cell rebuilds energy (protein) to prepare for mitosis or meiosis

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9
Q

what IS interphase

A

preparation of cell division

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10
Q

what is mitosis

A

division of body cells

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11
Q

what is meiosis

A

reoproduction of sex cells (gonads)

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12
Q

what is cytokenesis

A

division of cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane

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13
Q

what are the steps of mitosis (after interphase)

A

PMAT: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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14
Q

what are the steps of meiosis

A

PMAT1: prophase1, metaphase1, anaphase1, telophase1
PMAT2: prophase2, metaphase2, anaphase2, telophase2

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15
Q

what is the difference between PMAT1 and PMAT2

A

PMAT1: division of chromosomes
PMAT2: division of sister chromatids

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16
Q

what happens in prophase (mitosis)

A

chromatin condenses to chromosomes, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibres form

17
Q

what happens in metaphase? (mitosis)

A

spindle fibres align chromosomes along equator/centre of cell

18
Q

what happens in anaphase (mitosis)

A

centromere of chromosomes splits, sister chromatids separate, spindle fibres shorten moving sister chromatids away from one another/to opposite poles of cell

19
Q

what happens in telophase(mitosis)

A

chromatids unwind back chromatin, spindle fibres divide, nuclear membrane forms around new mass of chromatin

20
Q

what happens in meiosis?

A

PMAT1:

Biology (3 decks)

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