cells, chromosomes, DNA Flashcards
what are the three possible types of ploidy’s?
diploid cell, haploid cell, polyploid cell
what is diploid
chromosomes paired in two
what is haploid
singular chromosomes (not paired)
what is polyploid?
more than two chromosomes grouped together
what happens in interphase?
G1 (growth 1), S phase (synthesizing phase), G2 (growth 2)
what happens in g1
cell grows quickly
what happens in s phase
dna gets replicated, sister chromatids turn into sister chromosome
what happens in g2
cell rebuilds energy (protein) to prepare for mitosis or meiosis
what IS interphase
preparation of cell division
what is mitosis
division of body cells
what is meiosis
reoproduction of sex cells (gonads)
what is cytokenesis
division of cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane
what are the steps of mitosis (after interphase)
PMAT: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
what are the steps of meiosis
PMAT1: prophase1, metaphase1, anaphase1, telophase1
PMAT2: prophase2, metaphase2, anaphase2, telophase2
what is the difference between PMAT1 and PMAT2
PMAT1: division of chromosomes
PMAT2: division of sister chromatids
what happens in prophase (mitosis)
chromatin condenses to chromosomes, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibres form
what happens in metaphase? (mitosis)
spindle fibres align chromosomes along equator/centre of cell
what happens in anaphase (mitosis)
centromere of chromosomes splits, sister chromatids separate, spindle fibres shorten moving sister chromatids away from one another/to opposite poles of cell
what happens in telophase(mitosis)
chromatids unwind back chromatin, spindle fibres divide, nuclear membrane forms around new mass of chromatin
what happens in meiosis?
PMAT1:
