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Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of live births, per 1000 people per year

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2
Q

Death rate

A

The number of deaths per thousand people per year

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3
Q

Fertility rate

A

The average number of children a women will have between the ages of 15 and 44

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4
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The number of children out of every thousand born alive that die before the age of 1

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5
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average age a person can expect to live to

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6
Q

Migration rate

A

The difference between the number of people who migrate into a county, and the number of people who migrate out per 100,000 of the population per year

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7
Q

Population density

A

The number of people per square km. The total population of an area divided by the size of the area in km2

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8
Q

Migration

A

The movement of people between of within countries

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9
Q

Natural change

A

The change in population due to changes in birth rate and death rate

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10
Q

Zero growth rate

A

The population is neither increasing nor decreasing due to birth rate equal to death rate

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11
Q

Natural increase

A

When the birth rate exceeds death rate

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12
Q

Natural decrease

A

When the death rate exceeds birth rate

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13
Q

What is the demographic transition model?

A

A model to show how the population of a country changes over time. Based on Britain and other industrialised countries

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14
Q

Describe stage 1

A

High fluctuating

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15
Q

Describe stage 2

A

Early expanding

Death rate falls

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16
Q

Describe stage 3

A

Late expanding

Birth rate falls

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17
Q

Describe stage 4

A

Low fluctuating

18
Q

Describe stage 5?

A

Declining

Birth rate falls

19
Q

Explain stage 1

A 
No birth control/ family planning 
High IMR
Children work on land 
High disease 
Famine 
Poor hygiene 
Little medical knowledge
20
Q

Explain stage 2

A

Ethiopia
Improved medical care
Improved sanitation
Improvements in food

21
Q

Things to talk about for sanitation

A

Water supply

Sewage disposal

22
Q

Things to talk about for medical care?

A

Vaccinations
Hospitals
Medicine

23
Q

Explain stage 3

A 
Brazil 
Family planning/ contraception 
Lower IMR 
Industrialisation
Role of women
24
Q

Explain stage 5

A

Germany
People want more luxuries -travelling
Material possessions
More women- higher education- careers

25
Q

Explain stage 4?

A

UK

Both factors remain low for same reasons

26
Q

Advantages of DTM

A

Gives a clear picture
Easy to compare countries
Can give predictions to help governments put policies in place
Many countries in Europe and North America have followed

27
Q

Disadvantages of DTM

A

Some LDC’s may never break out of a stage
Some counties with high religious or cultural influence may always maintain a high birth rate
Can’t predict how long a country will remain in a stage
Doesn’t consider- migration, civil war, policies, epidemics

28
Q

What is population structure?

A

The breakdown of a countries population into groups of age and gender

29
Q

What can population pyramids shown?

A 
Life expectancy 
What gender lives longer 
What age is in largest proportion
Baby booms
Migration
30
Q

Push factors and pull factors

A

What makes people want to leave a place

What attracts someone to another place

31
Q

What is migration affected by

A

Obstacles- cost

Opportunities- ie polish migrants to Ireland may stop in London due to many job opportunities

32
Q

Dependency ratio

A

Dependents 0-14 + 65+

Over working age population

33
Q

Effects on an ageing population:

A

Pressure on public services
Areas with high proportion of old people
Further decrease in birth rate- voluntary carers
Longer working life- more youth unemployment
Grey pound
UK retire age 65-67
Increased crime- vulnerability of elderly

34
Q

Impacts of youthful population?

A

Financial problems to feed children- malnutrition
Overcrowded housing
Strain on education- two shift system- Gambia- overworked teachers- poor quality of education
Youth unemployment
More child workers- informal

35
Q

How to manage ageing population?

A

Encourage larger families- Sweden- parents 18 month paid leave
Raise retirement age- UK 65-67
Encourage immigration

36
Q

Management of youthful populations?

A

Control birth rate- China
Limit immigration of young people
Encourage family planning- free contraception

37
Q

Characteristics in urban zones?

A 
Housing 
Ethnicity 
Age 
Wealth
Employment 
Services
38
Q

Environmental Welfare factors on where people are living?

A

Housing quality
Graffiti and vandalism
Air pollution

39
Q

Economic welfare factors on where people are living?

A

Industrial decline

Agricultural decline

40
Q

Social Welfare factors on where people are living?

A

Tension between ethnicities
Crime rate- relationship between police and community
Public transport and services

41
Q

How has the UK encouraged immigration?

A

Since 2004 The UK has allowed unlimited immigration of citizens of EU to work here eg Poland
80% were 34 or under

Geography (6 decks)

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