Population Flashcards
When does natural population increase occur?
When the birth rate is higher than the death rates and this is happening in most continents, especially in the poorer continents while Europe actually has a natural population decrease.
Reasons for high birth rate
Lack of contraception Religious beliefs against contraception Agricultural based society High infant mortality rate No care homes or pensions so old dependents need their children Pro-natalist policies
Reasons for low birth rates
Availability and affordability of contraception Freedom of women Improved levels of education Reduced infant mortality rate Introduction of pensions and care homes Development of economy into secondary and tertiary sector Increasing cost of children Delayed marriages and less children Anti-natalist policies
Reasons for high death rates
Natural disasters Conflicts and wars Poor medical care Poor hygiene and sanitation Poor diet Drinking alcohol/smoking/drugs Lack of exercise Shortage of clean water Diseases
Reasons for low death rates
Immunisation programmes e.g. small pox Availability of clean water Improved diet and knowledge of diet Improved levels of exercise Improved medical care Improved preventative testing
What is overpopulation?
When there are more people than resources available
What is underpopulation?
When there are not enough people to fully maximise the potential of a country.
Problems with overpopulation
There could be unemployment due to shortage of jobs Shortage of schools and hospitals Housing shortage Congestion Increase in prices for resources Shortage of clean drinking water Increase in pollution Rural-urban fringe may be damaged as informal settlements build up
Problems with underpopulation
Shortage of workers Less people paying tax Closure of facilities Less innovation and development Not possible to exploit all resources Hard to defend country Necessary to attract migrants
Since when has the world population been rising?
1750s and today the world population is around 7 billion
What are the push factors for migration?
Natural disasters Social upheaval Poor employment Adverse climate Low income Intolerance Housing strategies
Pull factors for migration
Amenities Job prospects High wages Improved housing Tolerance Attractive environments High standard of living
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary migration?
In voluntary migration the individual has a free choice about whether to migrate but in involuntary people are made to migrate against their will which may be die to human or environmental factors
Causes for sparse population
Extreme physical conditions Mountainous areas No jobs No schools/hospitals Poor communications Heavily forested area Natural disaster prone areas Shortage of natural resources Areas that flood a lot
Causes for dense population
Good quality schools Good communications Available electricity and water supply Plentiful employment Areas close to good, agricultural land Coastal areas Flat land that is easy to build on
