Population Flashcards
12 Reasons why people moved from Mexico to the USA
Push Factors:
• High Unemployment in Mexico (40% in some rural areas)
• Low Wages
• Fewer Hospitals (Less equipment and medicines)
• Fewer Schools (More pupils per teacher & less uni’s)
• Poor quality housing (Shanty towns)
• Poor farming conditions (Dry climate & soil)
Pull Factors:
• Many Jobs available (Mexicans are cheap to employ)
• Higher wages (10x higher in USA than in Mexico)
• Better healthcare (More equipment and medicines)
• Better schools (Free and loads of uni’s)
• Better housing quality (Better accommodation & food security)
• Geographically close to Mexico (Ease of access)
8 Impacts on Mexico from Migration to USA
Positive Impacts:
• More jobs available in Mexico (Lower unemployment rate)
• Reduces pressure on farmland (Less soil erosion)
• Birth rate drops due to young people leaving (Less overcrowding)
• Migrants send money back to Mexico ($8 billion per year)
Negative impacts:
• Less skilled people left (Less attractive to potential investors)
• Loss of working age people (Less tax for government)
• More ageing population
• Lack of young people (Future of country is uncertain)
10 Impacts on USA from Migration from Mexico
Positive Impacts:
• Cheap labour is provided (Work less for more hours)
• Mexicans do jobs Americans wont do (Unsanitary, unskilled jobs)
• Mexicans add to the American economy ($31 billion per year in tax)
• Mexicans become consumers (Help economy)
• There is cultural diversity (Part of American history to accept migrants)
Negative Impacts:
• Overcrowding in cities (40% of LA is Mexican)
• Inadequate schools (Not big enough)
• Mexicans take lowest paid jobs (Usually filled by Black African Americans)
• American government ha to spend more money (Border control)
• More money spent on services for Mexicans ($5 billion )
6 Reasons why people moved from Sudan to surrounding countries such as Chad
Push Factors:
• Civil War (Fear of their lives)
• Other conflicts (Ethnic cleansing forces people to move)
• Famine and drought (Can’t survive without harvest)
• Country split into North and South (Political forced migration)
Pull Factors:
• Refugee camps in other countries (Medical supplies and food)
• No conflict in other countries (No discrimination)
5 ways a country gathers population data
- Using a census (Regular count of population to allow comparisons to be made over time)
- The Compulsory Registration of Births and Deaths
- Using a mini-census
- Border Agency data
- General Household Survey
5 reasons why a country gathers population data
- Gather age-group data (Know where schools/retirement homes are needed)
- Gather health data (Know where health services are needed)
- Gather employment data (Know where industry is needed)
- Gather transport data (Know where transport systems are needed)
- Gather housing data (Know where houses are needed)
9 difficulties faced when collecting population data
- Nomadic groups are difficult to count
- Shanty town are difficult to count (No proper addresses)
- Remote villages can be easily missed
- Vastness of a country makes is difficult and costs a lot
- High Illiteracy makes filling out data difficult
- It is expensive to collect and process population data
- Many countries have multiple languages
- If there is a war going on it may be dangerous to collect data
- If the government is untrustworthy people may give false answers
Describing a young population pyramid for 9 marks (Tapers in as age increases)
Younger dependants:
• The younger dependants make up most of the population, suggesting developing country.
• [Quote figures from pyramid]
• Due to high birth rate (Lack of contraception)
• Due to child workforce (Rural area child workforce needed)
Older dependants:
• The older dependants make up least of the population, suggesting developing country.
• [Quote figures from pyramid]
• Due to high death rate (Poor healthcare systems)
• Due to poor standard of living (Disease due to bad sanitation)
Economically active population • The economically active population tapers in as the age increases in the pyramid, suggesting developing country. • [Quote figures from pyramid] • Due to famine (Leads to mass death) • Due to war (Leads to death)
Describing an old population pyramid for 9 marks (Moves out and then back in again)
Younger dependants:
• The younger dependants make up a smaller amount of the population than the economically active population, suggesting developed country.
• [Quote figures from pyramid]
• Due to low birth rate (Woman working more)
• Due to family planning (Access to contraception)
Older dependants:
• The older dependants have a high life expectancy, suggesting developed country.
• [Quote figures from pyramid]
• Due to low death rate (Good healthcare systems)
• Due to good standard of living (Good sanitation)
Economically active population
• The economically active population makes up the most of the population, suggesting developed country.
• [Quote figures from pyramid]
• Due to people coming to work here (Lots of jobs available)
• Due to high standard of living (Desirable)
8 consequences and 4 solutions of a rapidly growing (Young) population
Consequences
• Overpopulation will lead to soil erosion
• Overpopulation means farms will be reduced in size
• More people will move to the city causing congestion
• Insufficient housing in city leads to shanty towns
• There will be higher unemployment, causing more crime
• Insufficient schools and hospitals
• Loss of standard in living, increases disease
• More money spent on services for young dependants
Solutions
• Parents with larger families could be taxed
• People with less or no children will receive benefits
• More access to contraception and family planning
• Age of marriage could be raised
8 consequences and 4 solutions of a slowly growing (Old) population
Consequences
• Unemployment in teachers and midwives due to less children
• Shortage of working age population in the future
• Less money spent on services for young people
• More money spent on healthcare for old people
• More money spent on housing for old people
• More money spent on retirement homes
• More money spent on pensions
• More money spent on public transport
Solutions
• Give generous child benefits
• Raise retirement age to increase workforce
• Raise retirement age to decrease pension expense
• Endorse immigration
Describe Demographic Transition Model for 10 marks (Use square brackets if only on stages 1-3)
Stage 1: Case Study - Amazon Tribes
• Birth rate is high (Child workforce needed) & [Tradition]
• Death rate is high (Crop and harvest failures) & [Frequent wars]
Stage 2: Case Study - Ethiopia
• Birth rate is high (Lack of contraception) & [Periods of good harvest]
• Death rate drops (Better diet increases life expectancy) & [Wars less frequent]
• Population increases (Less people dying young)
Stage 3: Case Study - Brazil
• Birth rate decreases (No child workforce needed) & [Access to contraception]
• Death rate continues to drop (Proper sanitation) & [Proper housing]
• Population increases (People living longer)
Stage 4: Case Study - USA
• Birth rate is low (Children becoming expensive)
• Death rate is low (Advances in medicine)
• Population levels out (Balanced births and deaths)
Stage 5: Case Study - UK
• Birth rate drops further (Women focusing on careers)
• Death rate remains low (Standard of living is good)
• Population decreases (Less people being born)
