Industry

Question 1

Define Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary industries with examples (4)

Answer 1

• Primary (Working with land/sea and extracting natural resources, ie farming and mining)
• Secondary (Make products, ie Steelworks, Shipbuilding)
• Tertiary (Providing a service to others, ie Nurses, Teachers)
• Quaternary (Share or gather information, ie Medical/Scientific Research)

Question 2

Explain the factors why old industry set up in a certain area (7)

Answer 2

• Transport (Near cheap transport ie canal, port)
• Raw materials (Near raw materials ie coal)
• Market (Near local port/town to reduce transport costs)
• Power (Near power supply ie water, coal)
• Labour supply (Near large population)
• Linkage (Near other industries to share resources)
• Site (Flat land, dry land, cheap land, space for expansion)

Question 3

Explain the factors why new industry sets up in a certain area (7)

Answer 3

• Transport (Near cheap transport ie airport, trains)
• Aid (Government offered incentive to move there)
• Market (Near airport to allow international exporting)
• Labour supply (Near university to employ graduates)
• Linkage (Near other industry to share resources)
• Environment (Near parks/golf courses to make working there attractive for employees)
• Site (Flat land, dry land, cheap land, space for expansion)

Question 4

Physical and Human factors that led to Industrial Growth in West of Scotland (10)

Answer 4

Physical factors:
• River Clyde/Firth of Clyde allowed cheap transport
• Abundant local coal deposits allowed nearby power source
• Abundance of local iron ore reduced transport costs as they didn’t need to travel far
• Local limestone allowed iron and steel industry to prosper
• Flat land allowed easy building and expanding of industry

Human factors:
• Clyde canal allowed heavy goods to be transported easily
• Railways allowed heavy goods to be transported cheaply
• Local port at Port Glasgow allowed cheap & easy import and export of goods
• Many wealthy people financed new industries, whose wealth came from trading with America
• Many local inventions made it world famous, like the first steamship and iron ship

Question 5

Why did the concentration of industry decline in West of Scotland? (11)

Answer 5

Coal industry declined because:
• Exhaustion of coal seams
• Cheaper coal from abroad
• Competition from other fuels such as oil/nuclear

Shipbuilding declined because:
• Competition from other transport such as aeroplanes
• Firth of Clyde became too shallow for larger ships
• Local coal and steel became too expensive

Iron and Steel industry declined because:
• Better located sites elsewhere in Europe
• Countries such as Japan were tough competition
• Exhaustion of iron seams

Heavy Engineering industry declined because:
• Increased prices of local materials
• Competition from abroad

Question 6

Describe the consequences of industrial decline in West of Scotland in terms of Economic, Social and Environmental impacts (12)

Answer 6

Economic:
• There was high unemployment in dock and mining areas
• There was a lack of open space in the Inner city
• Old industrial sites were unattractive for new industries
• There was a lot of poverty and low living standards due to unemployment

Social:
• Increased crime rate due to unemployment
• Poor health due to poor living conditions
• Poor health due to harsh working conditions in heavy industry
• Family breakdown due to pressure arising from unemployment

Environmental:
• Factories and tenements left derelict
• Disused railway lines and canals
• Derelict land causes visual pollution
• Subsidence from old mine workings

Question 7

How has landscape of West of Scotland changed from an area of old, heavy industry to its current landscape? (10)

Answer 7

Light industry has been attracted there because:
• A large nearby market
• Nearby universities, allowing labour supply
• Excellent transport systems such as M8 and airport
• Government incentives to set up here

Tourism has become a big part of this area because:
• Many high order shops and centres nearby
• A variety of entertainment and recreation
• Easy accessibility from airport
• A wide range of accommodation

Question 8

What were the steps taken by the Government and EU to bring about re-development in West of Scotland? (14)

Answer 8

• Assisted areas (Companies given incentives to set up here)
• Enterprise zones (Large companies given large incentives to set up here)
• Promoted tourism (Glasgow’s Miler Better campaign)
• Improved motorways (Crucial for attracting new industry)
• Easyjet and Ryanair (Allows accessibility for tourism)
• Clean up old industrial areas (Old docks areas to make attractive for tourists)
• Moved government departments to here (Tax centre in East Kilbride)