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Geograghy > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

0
Q

Population density

A

Number of people per square kilometre

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1
Q

Fertility rate

A

Average number of children a woman will have

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2
Q

What does the dtm show?

A

How pop has changed over time through five stages

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3
Q

Stage 1

A

High birth rates
High infant mortality
High death rate

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4
Q

Example of stage 1

A

Tribes in Brazilian rainforest

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5
Q

Stage 2

A

High birth rate
Death rate falls
Population rises quickly

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6
Q

Example of stage 2

A

Afghanistan

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7
Q

Stage 3

A

Birth rate decreases
Death rate falls
Population increases slowly

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8
Q

Example of stage 3

A

Eygpt

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9
Q

Stage 4

A

Population stable and high

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10
Q

Example of stage 4

A

Europe

Usa

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11
Q

Stage 5

A

Population decreases

Birth rate falls below death rate

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12
Q

Example of stage 5

A

Japan

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13
Q

Advantages of dtm

A

Easy to use
Compare countries
Can predict change in a country

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14
Q

Disadvantages of dtm

A

Can’t predict when countries will reach a stage

Doesn’t take migration, education and customs/policies into account

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15
Q

Social impacts of an ageing population

A

Increases need for hospitals and hospices and homes
Population decline
The grey vote- their needs becoming important to politions
Reluctant to leAve homes

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16
Q

Economic impacts of an ageing population

A 
Reduced work force
Increased taxes
The grey pound- money has to be spent on homes etc
Lack of jobs
Money made on services for elderly
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17
Q

Pros of elderly workers

A

No maternity leave

Lots of experience

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18
Q

Cons of elderly workers

A

Can’t do labour
Take sick leave
Would need to retrain

19
Q

Example of country with an ageing population

A

Italy

Increases life expectancy and low fertility rate
Became a pro-natalist
Minister offered €1000 to every family who had a second child

20
Q

Social impacts of a youthful population

A

Increased pressure on schools and child care
Rapid population growth
Overpopulation-not enough resources to support them

21
Q

Economic impacts of youthful population

A

High unemployment

Increased poverty

22
Q

Solutions to youthful populations

A

Control birth rate-policies, birth planning etc

Limiting immigration

23
Q

Solutions to ageing populations

A

Encourage large families
Raise retirement
Encourage immigration

24
Q

Example of a youthful population

A

Uganda

25
Q

Urban and rural characteristics case study

A

Preston, North west england

26
Q

Fish wick

A

Inner city
High density 19th century terrace housing built during industrial revolution
Few corner shops
Residents have to travel to city centre for services

27
Q

Long ton

A 
Rural area
Modern estates
Large detached and semi detached houses with gardens and garages
Supermarket
Shops and services
A59 by pass to city
28
Q

Factors of high death rates

A 
Natural disasters
Disease
Famine
Poor sanitation
High infant mortality
29
Q

Factors of low birth rates

A

Low infant mortality rate
Government policies
Less need for workers
Women putting careers first

30
Q

Migration

A

Movement of people from one place to another

31
Q

Push factors

A

Lack of housing
Harsh climate
Poverty
Unemployment

32
Q

Pull factors

A

Good wages
Fertile soils
High standard of living
Services

33
Q

The lee model

A

Idea that during migration there may be obstacles

34
Q

Obstacles in the lee model

A

Need for visa
Expensive
Might find another job
Anxiety about moving to another place

35
Q

Pro- natalist

A

Increase population by using incentives

36
Q

Example of a pro natalist country

A

France

37
Q

Anti-natalist

A

Reduce population

38
Q

Example of anti-natalist

A

China

39
Q

What did France do to encourage births?

A

Payment up to €2000 to couples who had 3rd child
Generous maternity grants
30% fare reduction
Full tax benefits until children reach 18

40
Q

Was France successful?

A

Fertility raised to 2.7 but dropped back to 1.7

This leads to ageing population

41
Q

One child policy

A 
Age limits to reduce marriage
Free birth control 
Cash bonuses
Improved housing
Free education
42
Q

What went wrong with the one child policy…

A 
Forced abortions and sterilisations
Children became spoilt
Ageing population
Small population of working age
Different in sex ratio- 118 boys: 100 girls
43
Q

Urbanisation

A

Proportion of people living in a town or city

44
Q

Problems caused by urban growth

A

Pollution
Lack of housing
High crime rate
Unemployment

45
Q

Some statistics in fishwick and longton

A

60% houses are privet owned in fishwick but 93% in longton

60% fishwick own a car but 88% in longton

17% homes in fishwick don’t have central heating but 4% don’t in longton

46
Q

Crime rate In fishwick and longton

A

High crime rate in fishwick due to high levels of unemployment And low levels of wealth
Vehicles are left out on streets as homes don’t have driveways or garages

Geograghy (4 decks)

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