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Geograghy > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

0
Q

Secondary energy

A

Primary energy diverted into a different form eg heat energy from burning coal turned to electricity

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1
Q

Primary energy

A

Direct source eg heat energy from coal

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2
Q

UK energy mix

A

70% provided by oil and gas
Discovery of oil in North Sea in 1969 led to high consumption
Coal use decreased by 40% since 1990s
Renewables increases

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3
Q

Frances energy mix

A

Coal mining stopped in 2004
Nuclear power since 1970s
Renewables from hydropower and biomass

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4
Q

Location of nigeria

A

West Africa

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5
Q

General info on NIgeria

A

Population- just under 2 million

Shell extracts oil from their and has about 2 million barrels of oil each day

5,000 spills every year

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6
Q

Social impacts of oil extraction each year

A 
Fumes cause women to miscarry
Causes asthma and cancer 
Walking in oil causes skin disease
Eye problems from fumes
Causes violence due to wanting to land back
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7
Q

Economic impacts in Nigeria

A

No crop, no income
Not getting compensation for land
Country became dependant on oil income but it is finite

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8
Q

Political impacts in Nigeria

A

Kidnapping on both sides

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9
Q

Environmental impacts in Nigeria

A 
Fish die
Crops ruined
Soil infertile
Gas in flaring creates greenhouse gases
Acid rain
Farmers become subsistence farmers
Drinking water contaminated
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10
Q

Benefits of oil extraction in Nigeria

A

Provides many jobs BUT most taken by foreigners
Improvements in hospitals and education
Given a voice in African and world affairs
Big increase in government income from oil revenue
BUT 98%still lives in poverty

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11
Q

Year of Russian and Ukraine dispute

A

2009

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12
Q

Causes of dispute

A

Russia claimed Ukraine hadn’t paid depts for previous gas supplies

Russia was using gas supply to control Ukraine and have political power

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13
Q

Impact on Russia

A

Lost an estimated £1 billion
Public protests
Ruined reputation for supplies

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14
Q

Impact on Ukraine

A

Ruined reputation of being reliable

Lost £100 million in transit fees

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15
Q

Impacts on Bulgaria

A

Alternative fuels was limited
150,000 homes lost heating
Schools and businesses shut down

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16
Q

Impacts on Bosnia

A

We’re completely dependant on Russia
Happened during cold season
No alternatives
72,000 homes without heating

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17
Q

Impacts on serbia

A

High gas demand due to severe weather

100,000 homes without heating

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18
Q

Current/ future issues- Russia and Ukraine

A

Russia has power as they are offering cheap gas

Countries are now stockpiling

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19
Q

Location of Burkina Faso

A

West Africa

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20
Q

Appropriate technology case study

A

Rural Karnataka North India

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21
Q

Problems in rural Karnataka

A

Lack of electricity as gross do not reach areas

Reliance on oil which is expensive and will run out

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22
Q

Sustainable solutions in Karnataka

A

Solar panels

Biofuel

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23
Q

Benefits of solar panels in Karnataka

A

Businesses can trade later and have made profits

Children can study at night- 10% improvements in literacy rates

24
Q

Disadvantages of solar panels

A

Very expensive initially

Output is low

25
Q

Benefits of biofuel in Karnataka

A

Schools can save money and spend on books etc
Renewable
Buy higher quality food which reduces malnutrition

26
Q

Disadvantages of biofuel

A

Carbon emission causes air pollution

27
Q

Ways to conserve energy HEAT

A

Radiators not blocked by furniture
Doors and windows closed when heating is on
Avoid heating in unused places eg corridors and storerooms

28
Q

Conserve energy ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

A

Switch computers off when not in use

Don’t leave equipment on standby

Purchase energy efficient equipment

29
Q

Conserving energy LIGHTING

A

Switch lights of in empty rooms
Use daylight where possible
Use low wattage lights

30
Q

Advantages of biomass

A

Easily accessible
People in rural developing areas can use it
Low sulphur which reduces acid rain
Reduce landfills

31
Q

Disadvantages of biofuel

A

Low energy output

Large carbon emissions

32
Q

Advantages of wind turbines

A

Renewable
Low cost
No harmful pollutants

33
Q

Disadvantages of wind power

A

Noisy
Ugly
Unreliable
Need lots of them

34
Q

Advantages of wave energy

A

Renewable
Not limited by season
Widely available

35
Q

Disadvantages of wave energy

A

Bad for marine ecosystem- machines disturb sea bed
Toxic chemicals can spill into water
Highly dependant on wavelength and requires constant powerful waves
Noise and visual pollution

36
Q

Advantages of tidal power

A

Renewable

Environmentally friendly

37
Q

Disadvantages of tidal power

A

Expensive

Few locations available

38
Q

Advantages of solar power

A

Sustainable and renewable
No noise or pollution
Easy to install
Low maintenance

39
Q

Disadvantages of solar energy

A

Expensive
Doesn’t work at night and cloudy days
Only truly effective I. Areas of lots of sunlight eg deserts

40
Q

Advantages of nuclear power

A 
Last longer than fossil fuels
Fossil fuels will run out I. 50 yrs but nuclear will in 1000 yrs
More efficient
Less greenhouse gases are produced 
Smaller C02 emmisions
No sulphur
41
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Mistakes can be chatostrophic eg Chernobyl
Requires his maintenance
No solution to nuclear waste and can last for 1000s of years

42
Q

Acid rain

A

Atmospheric pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels

43
Q

Effects of acid rain

A

Soil becomes polluted
Aquatic organisms killed as ph of water decreases
Pollute water supplies leading to illnesses

44
Q

Solutions of acid rain

A

Use renewables or nuclear
Conserve energy
Minimise miles

45
Q

What country was effected by acid rain?

A

Germany

46
Q

Causes of acid rain in Germany

A

Industrial emissions

Exhaust fume

47
Q

Impacts of acid rain in Germany

A

Destroyed vegetation

48
Q

Responses to acid rain in Germany

A

3 tons of limestone dropped over forests to neutralise acid in soil

49
Q

Energy in UK

A

Mainly fossil fuels- 89%

Nuclear is minor- 9%

Renewable only 2%

49
Q

Energy produced in UK

A

Gas and oil huge reserves

Coal is produced in small amount due to closure of mines in 1990s

49
Q

Solutions to energy supply in UK

A

Nuclear power station to be built in hinkley point c

Increased wind turbines

50
Q

Benefits of Hinkley point c

A

25,000 jobs created

9,000,000 tonnes of C02 avoided each year

Power 5 million homes

51
Q

Location of Hinkley point c

A

Somerset

South west England

52
Q

Disadvantages of Hinkley point c

A

Cost 16 billion

Cause protests

53
Q

Facts about India’s energy mix

A

Economic growth due to industrialisation means increase in energy demand

Largest consumer of electricity in Asia

Coal is poor quality

Potential for HEP due to large rivers
and heavy rainfall
Po

54
Q

India’s rural population solutions

A

Solar cookers
SElCO
Biofuel

55
Q

Solutions to India’s energy supply

A

Increased nuclear supply

Increased HEP production

Renewables

Geograghy (4 decks)

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