population Flashcards
what are the reasons for increasing population
high birth rates bc of
- previous high rates of infant mortality, parents keep having babies in the hope some will survive.
- Children being used as economic assets. They work on family farms and help to produce food for survival.
- Tradition and culture. Religious beliefs will dictate that families must be large.
- No availability of contraception.
- medical care improved (vaccinations, scientific improvements, doctors and new drugs);
- sanitation and water supplies will be much better
- quality and security of food improved;
why do birth rates decrease
- increased use of family planning methods;
- much lower infant mortality rates will mean that more children will survive and there is less need to have as many babies;
- increased opportunity for employment in factories means that fewer people (and children) are required to work on the land;
- laws that say children must attend school, so they are no longer earning for the family;
- changes to society put more desire on material possessions than large families;
- changes to equality mean that women are increasingly in the workforce and not ‘staying at home’ to look after the children.
whatre the 6 component parts of population
- birth rate
-death rate
-infant mortality rate
-life expectancy
-age
-gender
how does education influence population
- high education means women have more job oppoutunities and cant look after children as much -> decreased birth rates
- people being socially aware of contreception and family planning will influence fertility and birth rates
whats the difference between emigration and immigration
emigration is when people move out of a counrty and immigration is when people move in
whats meant by natural change
the difference between birth -death rate
whatre the 5 stages in the demographic transition model
- stage 1 is where population total is low and balanced
-stage 2 death rates fall but birthrates stay high which causes an increase in population
-stage 3 br falls rapidly(increased contreception)while dr falls slower which causes a natural increase to slowly decrease
-stage 4 birth and death rate are balanced and low with a high total population due to contreception and small families being socially desirable
-stage 5 both rates are low but deaths r higher than births which creates an ageing population
what factors influence population
- life expectancy rates
-wars (water + electicity avalibility)
-contreception and its avalibility
-fertility rates
-education
-cultural expectations
-children being useful to work in ledcs
whats meant by dependancy ratio
how many old (64+) and young (-16) people depend on the working population (16-64)
what does it mean if a country has a high dependancy ratio
- lots of younger and older people depend on the working population
- more people are unemployed and dont pay taxes
what do population pyramids measure and what does a wide base mean
-they measure populations in terms of age and gender
-wide base means a larger youthful population
what country has a youthful population
gambia
why does gambia have such a youthful population and whatre the effects of that
why
- women have no opinion and are lead by cultural and social expectations
-more money is needed to produce crops
effects
-pressure on education and resources
-pressure on healthcare
- no clean water and electicity
what country has an ageing population
devon,uk
whatre the causes of devon having an ageing population
- increased life expectancy so people live longer
-decreasing fertility which reduces birth rates
whatre the effects of having an ageing population
- more care/nursing homes need to be built (developers of retirement homes make profit)
-pressure on working population
-younger people may leave area
-no money spent on education
-fewer people of working age -> less tax - older people are more time to voulenteer
whatre the effects of a country being overpopulated
- lower living and economic standards
-resources shared amongst more peo9ple
-conflict over resources
-issues with food and water security
whatre the effects of a country being underpopulated
- effective usage of avalible resources
-higher overall income - better quality of life
why do people emigrate (move out) to other countries
-less job opportunity
-corrupt governments
-wars
-poor healthcare
-pollution
-high crime rates
-poor education
why do people immigrate (more into) other countries
-job opportunities
-overall better living conditions
-education
-better healthcare
-low crime rates
-good climate
-family
what were the effects of chinas 1 child policy
-collapsing birth rate
-forced abortions
-gender imballance (harder to get married)
-only children dont know how to socialise
-discrimination against girls
-ptsd from forced abortions
-huge economic growth
what were the obstacles illegal immigrants from mexico to usa face
-hot weather
-no water
-human trafficing
-cant get imployed if you dont have papers
-deportation
-deaths and missing people
-local protests
-drug importation
how did the usa gov manage mexicos illegal imigrants
-security
-iron wallls built across border
-mexican authorities prevented migrants crossing borders
-tracking down of illegal immigrants
define the term population structure
different age and gender components that make up the total population of an area
