population Flashcards
what are the reasons for increasing population
high birth rates bc of
- previous high rates of infant mortality, parents keep having babies in the hope some will survive.
- Children being used as economic assets. They work on family farms and help to produce food for survival.
- Tradition and culture. Religious beliefs will dictate that families must be large.
- No availability of contraception.
- medical care improved (vaccinations, scientific improvements, doctors and new drugs);
- sanitation and water supplies will be much better
- quality and security of food improved;
why do birth rates decrease
- increased use of family planning methods;
- much lower infant mortality rates will mean that more children will survive and there is less need to have as many babies;
- increased opportunity for employment in factories means that fewer people (and children) are required to work on the land;
- laws that say children must attend school, so they are no longer earning for the family;
- changes to society put more desire on material possessions than large families;
- changes to equality mean that women are increasingly in the workforce and not ‘staying at home’ to look after the children.
whatre the 6 component parts of population
- birth rate
-death rate
-infant mortality rate
-life expectancy
-age
-gender
how does education influence population
- high education means women have more job oppoutunities and cant look after children as much -> decreased birth rates
- people being socially aware of contreception and family planning will influence fertility and birth rates
whats the difference between emigration and immigration
emigration is when people move out of a counrty and immigration is when people move in
whats meant by natural change
the difference between birth -death rate
whatre the 5 stages in the demographic transition model
- stage 1 is where population total is low and balanced
-stage 2 death rates fall but birthrates stay high which causes an increase in population
-stage 3 br falls rapidly(increased contreception)while dr falls slower which causes a natural increase to slowly decrease
-stage 4 birth and death rate are balanced and low with a high total population due to contreception and small families being socially desirable
-stage 5 both rates are low but deaths r higher than births which creates an ageing population
what factors influence population
- life expectancy rates
-wars (water + electicity avalibility)
-contreception and its avalibility
-fertility rates
-education
-cultural expectations
-children being useful to work in ledcs
whats meant by dependancy ratio
how many old (64+) and young (-16) people depend on the working population (16-64)
what does it mean if a country has a high dependancy ratio
- lots of younger and older people depend on the working population
- more people are unemployed and dont pay taxes
what do population pyramids measure and what does a wide base mean
-they measure populations in terms of age and gender
-wide base means a larger youthful population
what country has a youthful population
gambia
why does gambia have such a youthful population and whatre the effects of that
why
- women have no opinion and are lead by cultural and social expectations
-more money is needed to produce crops
effects
-pressure on education and resources
-pressure on healthcare
- no clean water and electicity
what country has an ageing population
devon,uk
whatre the causes of devon having an ageing population
- increased life expectancy so people live longer
-decreasing fertility which reduces birth rates
