population Flashcards
what are the reasons for increasing population
high birth rates bc of
- previous high rates of infant mortality, parents keep having babies in the hope some will survive.
- Children being used as economic assets. They work on family farms and help to produce food for survival.
- Tradition and culture. Religious beliefs will dictate that families must be large.
- No availability of contraception.
- medical care improved (vaccinations, scientific improvements, doctors and new drugs);
- sanitation and water supplies will be much better
- quality and security of food improved;
why do birth rates decrease
- increased use of family planning methods;
- much lower infant mortality rates will mean that more children will survive and there is less need to have as many babies;
- increased opportunity for employment in factories means that fewer people (and children) are required to work on the land;
- laws that say children must attend school, so they are no longer earning for the family;
- changes to society put more desire on material possessions than large families;
- changes to equality mean that women are increasingly in the workforce and not ‘staying at home’ to look after the children.
whatre the 6 component parts of population
- birth rate
-death rate
-infant mortality rate
-life expectancy
-age
-gender
how does education influence population
- high education means women have more job oppoutunities and cant look after children as much -> decreased birth rates
- people being socially aware of contreception and family planning will influence fertility and birth rates
whats the difference between emigration and immigration
emigration is when people move out of a counrty and immigration is when people move in
whats meant by natural change
the difference between birth -death rate
whatre the 5 stages in the demographic transition model
- stage 1 is where population total is low and balanced
-stage 2 death rates fall but birthrates stay high which causes an increase in population
-stage 3 br falls rapidly(increased contreception)while dr falls slower which causes a natural increase to slowly decrease
-stage 4 birth and death rate are balanced and low with a high total population due to contreception and small families being socially desirable
-stage 5 both rates are low but deaths r higher than births which creates an ageing population
what factors influence population
- life expectancy rates
-wars (water + electicity avalibility)
-contreception and its avalibility
-fertility rates
-education
-cultural expectations
-children being useful to work in ledcs
whats meant by dependancy ratio
how many old (64+) and young (-16) people depend on the working population (16-64)
what does it mean if a country has a high dependancy ratio
- lots of younger and older people depend on the working population
- more people are unemployed and dont pay taxes
what do population pyramids measure and what does a wide base mean
-they measure populations in terms of age and gender
-wide base means a larger youthful population
what country has a youthful population
gambia
why does gambia have such a youthful population and whatre the effects of that
why
- women have no opinion and are lead by cultural and social expectations
-more money is needed to produce crops
effects
-pressure on education and resources
-pressure on healthcare
- no clean water and electicity
what country has an ageing population
devon,uk
whatre the causes of devon having an ageing population
- increased life expectancy so people live longer
-decreasing fertility which reduces birth rates
whatre the effects of having an ageing population
- more care/nursing homes need to be built (developers of retirement homes make profit)
-pressure on working population
-younger people may leave area
-no money spent on education
-fewer people of working age -> less tax - older people are more time to voulenteer
whatre the effects of a country being overpopulated
- lower living and economic standards
-resources shared amongst more peo9ple
-conflict over resources
-issues with food and water security
whatre the effects of a country being underpopulated
- effective usage of avalible resources
-higher overall income - better quality of life
why do people emigrate (move out) to other countries
-less job opportunity
-corrupt governments
-wars
-poor healthcare
-pollution
-high crime rates
-poor education
why do people immigrate (more into) other countries
-job opportunities
-overall better living conditions
-education
-better healthcare
-low crime rates
-good climate
-family
what were the effects of chinas 1 child policy
-collapsing birth rate
-forced abortions
-gender imballance (harder to get married)
-only children dont know how to socialise
-discrimination against girls
-ptsd from forced abortions
-huge economic growth
what were the obstacles illegal immigrants from mexico to usa face
-hot weather
-no water
-human trafficing
-cant get imployed if you dont have papers
-deportation
-deaths and missing people
-local protests
-drug importation
how did the usa gov manage mexicos illegal imigrants
-security
-iron wallls built across border
-mexican authorities prevented migrants crossing borders
-tracking down of illegal immigrants
define the term population structure
different age and gender components that make up the total population of an area
explain why life expectancy has increased in many countries during the last 50 years (4)
- better healthcare so better treatment of disease
-increase in education helps more doctors and surgeons
-healthier lifestyle education and active
-more food avalible so no malnutrition
-clean water
-improved santiation
-care homes
descrube 3 typical population structure in MEDC
-not much gender difference
-more percentage of people economically active
-no significant decrease between ages in economically active
-fewer old dependant
why is percent of younger ppl in ledc larger than in MEDCs (5)
-child labour to work in farms
-children take care of subligs or elderly
-no abortion and women rightd
-want to carry on familly name
-cultural expectations on women
-abortions not socially acceptable
-little education about family planing and contreception between culture
-poor healthcare and high infant mortality so ppl want to compensate for dead children
-shorter life expectancy
for a named country describe DIFFICULTIES which come from having a larger dependent population
DEVON,UK
-high dependancy ratio
-pressure on working population
-lack of workforce
-people cant work since theyr caring for elderly
-pressure on healthcare
-less pressure on education so they loose profits
-pressure on nursing homes
-no tax money in government
