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geography > Climate > Flashcards

Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s a climatic region

A

An area of the world that shares the same climate

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2
Q

What’re the 5 factors effecting climate

A

Latitude
Ocean currents
Prevailing winds
Altitude
Human activity

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3
Q

What is latitude

A

An areas distance from the equator

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4
Q

What’s the difference between weather and climate

A

Weather updates daily while climate is a collected average of weather of a long time

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5
Q

What’s the relationship between latitude and temperature

A

Sun rays are more concentrated near the equator whereas further from the equator they need to travel larger distances due to the sun being at a lower angle

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6
Q

How does altitude influence temperature

A

Increase in altitude leads to a decrease in temperature. Temp decreases by 1 degree per 100 meters in altitude

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7
Q

How does distance from the sea influence temp

A

Locations inland heat up faster in the summer and cool quicker in the winter since oceans heat and cool slower than land

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8
Q

How does aspect influence temp

A

In northern hemispheres the slopes facing south are warmer

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9
Q

What’re the characteristics of equatorial climates

A
  • variable cloud cover
    -reduced wind speed
    -consistent high temperatures
    -no seasons since its hot and wet all year round
    -high humidity and rainfall
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10
Q

What’re the characteristics of hot desert climates

A
  • irregular rainfall
    -lack seasonal patterns
    -hot days and cold nights
    -only have summer and winter
    -warm and dry winds which can cause sandstorms
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11
Q

Where are rainforests most commonly located

A

Near equator,usuallly in South America(named country),between the 2 tropics

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12
Q

What’re the characteristics of equatorial climates

A

They receive lots of sunshine are humid and rain all year round

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13
Q

Whatre the 3 layers in the rainforest

A

Emergent,canopy,under canopy,shrub level

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14
Q

Whatre the characteristics of emergent layer in rainforests

A

Tall trees with lots of sunshine. Epiphytes grow on top to get light and Lilian’s hand on trees to reach sunlight.

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15
Q

Whatre the characteristics of canopy layer in rainforests

A

Steady tree height,leaves shed water by having top is that direct water in areas.

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16
Q

Whatre the characteristics of under canopy layer in rainforests

A

Medium height and younger trees. Less dense so they survive in less sunlight.

17
Q

Whatre the characteristics of forest floor layer in rainforests

A

Low shrubs.lots of shade, only fungi grows there due to limited light

18
Q

What are the characteristics of vegetation in rainforests

A

Large biodiversity,species adapted to darker conditions,trees are either adapted to remove or collect water.

19
Q

What’re the characteristics of animals in the rainforest

A

Some animals are arboreal (live within the trees and dont come down),highly camouflaged and can evolve to look scarier and bigger than they are.

20
Q

Whatre the characteristics of soil in the rainforest

A

-deepest and most productive out of the ecosystems.
- lots of iron and usually infertile (increases in volcanic and flood plain areas)
-easily disrupted nutrient cycle.

21
Q

What are the impacts of deforestation

A
  • reduced biodiversity
    -interception decreases which decreases evotranspiration which leads to precipitation decreasing
  • increased overland flow which leads to soil erosion
    -sediment buildup in river beds which reduces capacity
    -more co2 in atmosphere which increases the greenhouse effect
22
Q

Where the majority of nurtrients in the tropic rainforest stored and what happens when its removed

A

In biomass, when removed the main nutrient store is removed

23
Q

Whatre the social impacts of deforestation

A

-communities have less land to sustain traditional ways so land doesn’t recover and less food is grown
- improved quality of life due to improved income and job
-loss of culture and tradition since communicates will give up their ways of life
-risk of landslides which can destroy homes
-increased risk of flooding settlements

24
Q

Whatre the economic impacts of deforestation

A

-more jobs avalible in agriculture and mining
-increased income since you can export the goods made

25
Q

Whatre the 5 human causes of deforestation

A

-hydropower (to provide electricity)
-road building
-mining
-growing settlements
-agriculture

26
Q

Whatre the causes of deforestation in Malaysia (7 marker)

A
  • logging (largest exporter of hardwood,evidence of illegal hardwooding in some areas)
    -energy (hydroelectric dam building resulted in flooding of large forest areas)
    -mining (widespread so they also need to build roads,drilling for oil and gas)
    -commmercial plantations (Malaysia exports 30% of world palm oil,but not have a 0 deforestation policy but clear felling permits are also commonly used)
    -settlement (people encouraged to move to rural reas)
    -substinence farming (areas cleared using fires)
27
Q

Whatre the adaptations of.1 plant and 1 animal in Malaysia

A

Plant - orchids grow on structures like trees to reach light
Orangutangs - long and strong arms to easily move through trees,finger and toes are long to grip tree branches

28
Q

Explain why large amounts of deforestation occurred in tropical rainforests (5)

A
  • economic development for the country
    -earn money off valuable wood
    -large areas are difficult to monitor
    -corruption
    -paper
    -firewood or charcoal
    -livestock
    -settlement growth
    -road or railway building
    -mining minerals
    -hydroelectric power dams
29
Q

Whatre the features of plants in hot desert climate

A

Succulent plants have thick bodies so they can store water over a large period of time. Biomass is usuallly below ground and plants are surrounded by a thick waxy cuticle to prevent water loss through evaporation.infertile soil due to low rainfall and live and grow for a long time

30
Q

Whatre the features of animals in desert climates

A

Animals usually sleep when it’s too hot and are nocturnal to avoid heat. They migrate in hot seasons and live in underground burrows to avoid heat. Large ears increase energy transfer to the environment.

31
Q

Whatre the features of fennec foxes

A

Feet are surrounded by fur to slow down heat transfer,they live in borrriws to avoid head. They get moisture and nutrients from prey and produce concentrated urine. They also have large eats to increase energy transfer to environments.

32
Q

Describe the climate of hot deserts

A

Its hot in summer (30 to 40 degrees)
Cooler in the winter
Low rainfall
Hot during the day and cold at night.

33
Q

Explain the climate of hot desert

A

Lack of cloud cover
Concentrated sun
High atmospheric presssure
No condensation

geography (9 decks)

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