Population Flashcards
Agricultural Revolution
the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Agricultural Density
the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Arithmetic Density
total # of people divided by the total land area
Census
a complete enumeration of a population
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in a society
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
the number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people in a society
Demographic Transition
the process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population
Demography
the study of the characteristics of human populations such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics
Dependency Ratio
the percentage of a population unable to work (younger than 15 and Older than 64)
Doubling Time
the number of years needed to double a population assuming a constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
the portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemiological Transition
distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transitions
Epidemiology
The branch in medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
Industrial Revolution
a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Infant Mortality Rat (IMR)
the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared to the total number of live births
Life Expectancy
the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is an average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live
Medical Revolution
medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America , Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries in and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
the percentage by which a population grows in a year. It is computed by subtracting CDR from CBR, after first converting the numbers from numbers per 1,000 to percentages ( numbers per 100 )
Overpopulation
the number of people in an era exceeding the capacity of the environment yo support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affect a very high proportion of the population
Physiological Density
the # of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Population Pyramid
a graphical illustration of age distribution within a population. Along with gender difference in these age groups
Sex Ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
measure of the number of births in a society. The TFR is the average number of children a women will have throughout her childbearing years
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
a condition of demographic balance in which the amount of people in a population neither decreases or increases
Population Cartogram
depicts the size of countries according to population rather than land area
Malthus’ Theory
He argued that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population
Neo-Malthusians
Adds two factors to Malthus’ Theory, population growth in LDC’s and outstripping in resources other than food
