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History (britain) > Popular culture and entertainment > Flashcards

Popular culture and entertainment Flashcards

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1
Q

What is popular culture?

A

The creative and informative work expressed and consumed by a population.

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2
Q

What is youth culture?

A

A culture and behaviour in young people that is different to older generations.

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3
Q

What is consumerism?

A

Valuing things that can be bought and purchased.

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4
Q

What were the most popular entertainment medium in the 1920s?

A

Cinema which became more gentrified and respectable in this time appealing to middle and working class.

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5
Q

What influence in there of the US on British culture in the 20s?

A

Hollywood was the dominant film force with only 5% being British.

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6
Q

When was cinema at its most popular?

A

From the 20s to the 40s. It could offer escapism during economic slumps, was affordable, boosted morale, used as propaganda and provided information.

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7
Q

Why was there a decline in cinema in the 1970s?

A

TV had taken over and that was where most popular films were shown.

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8
Q

Why did Bond films become popular?

A

Reflected the enjoyment of luxuries seen by the British people. reflected the plight against the upper class and the fear from the cold war.

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9
Q

What happened to the % of homes owning radio from 1922 to 1939?

A

Rose from 1% to 71%.

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10
Q

When was the BBC formed?

A

1922

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11
Q

What did the BBC generally represent and why?

A

Represented what the GOVT wanted people to hear because it was linked to the govt.

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12
Q

What did pirate radio represent?

A

Changes in society. Was playing the latest music and showing the most exciting shows which the new large group of British teens wanted to listen to.

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13
Q

What change did pirate radio force?

A

The BBC had to change and introduce pop music. tried to win over teen audience. Radio 2, 3 and 4 were set up and pirate radio dj’s were hired.

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14
Q

When and why did the BBC lose its monopoly on radio?

A

1975, licenses for commercial radio stations were granted.

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15
Q

What music was popular in the 30s?

A

Jazz and swing, dance halls were very popular.

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16
Q

What music was popular in the 50s 60s?

A

Rock and roll, skiffle, British pop e.g the beatles, rolling stones, who, kinks. Mod music attracted the working classes.

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17
Q

What music was popular in the 70s?

A

Music that challenged gender identity e.g. glam rock. Reggae brought over by black immigrants. Ska which mixed black and white culture. Punk which reflected people’s anger.

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18
Q

What happened to the % of households owning TV between 1950 and 1969?

A

in 1950 it was 4% in 1969 it was 95%

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19
Q

Why did more people own TVs by 1969?

A

Increase of real wages, relaxation of consumer credit.

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20
Q

What were the consequences of the growth of TV?

A

Declining cinema attendance. Decline of attendance at sport. Decline of radio as a family event, increased leisure time indoors, change of social attitudes, shared experience of classes, more consumerism.

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21
Q

Give an example of a show that contained social issues in the 60s?

A

Cathy Come Home (Homelessness)

Up the Junction (Abortion)

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22
Q

When was ITV established?

A

1955

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23
Q

What channels appealed to what classes?

A

Middle/upper class - BBC

Working class - ITV

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24
Q

Outline the national service act (1947).

A

All men aged 17-21 had to do military service between 6 and 18 months. In 1950 this was extended to 24 months due to the Korean war.

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25
Q

When did national service end?

A

From 1960. Call ups ended in December 1960.

26
Q

How many served under national service?

A

2 million

27
Q

What were the causes of discernible youth culture?

A

More disposable income, more free time, advertising, end of national service, growth of domestic appliances, baby boom, rise in school age, growth of mass media, liberal society.

28
Q

Outline the 1938 Holidays with pay act.

A

Introduced the statutory right to a holiday. Insured the right to a one week holiday for workers who’s wages were set by trades boards.

29
Q

How many people began enjoying holidays as a result of the holidays with pay act?

A

11 million.

30
Q

Why were the TUC disappointed with the Holidays with pay act?

A

Had been campaigning for 2 weeks since 1911.

31
Q

What was the status of spectator sport in the interwar years?

A

Could see major sports for free. Large areas attracted crowds up to 500,000. 22 million a year attended football matches.

32
Q

How was sport used during WW2?

A

Used to raise morale. Military teams were created which could make a lot of money. Successful cricket matches took place between the British empire XI and colonies XI.

33
Q

How did spectator sport change in the post war years?

A

In the 50s the countries favourite game was cricket. Developments in technology increased TV audiences. Governments started to invest more in sports facilities. British athletes competed more internationally.

34
Q

Why did sport ticket sales begin to fall?

A

Rise of other entertainment e.g. TV and football hooliganism.

35
Q

How much were cars in the 20s?

A

Very expensive around £11,000 today.

36
Q

What people owned cars in the pre war era and why?

A

Mainly middle and upper class people. Prices fell in the 30s allowing for most middle class families to afford a car.

37
Q

What new industries did cars lead to?

A

Workshops, garages, petrol stations.

38
Q

What happened to car ownership rates in the 50s?

A

Rose due to wage increase. 2.2 million in London by the end of the decade.

39
Q

What % of cars were imported by 1979?

A

50%

40
Q

When was the most dramatic period of road expansion?

A

The 60s to 70s

41
Q

What was the demand for air travel during the interwar period like?

A

Low, below 250,000

42
Q

How many people were travelling abroad by 1970?

A

14 million.

43
Q

What happened to car ownership between 1918-1979?

A

Rose from 100,000 to 22 million.

44
Q

How many people owned cars in 1970?

A

11.8 million.

45
Q

How did car ownership link to leisure?

A

Up to 75% of the cars purchased in the 30s were for leisure purposes. By the 60s the motorway system was advanced meaning there was access to more of the country.

46
Q

What did the 1927 cinematograph Films act do?

A

Required that 7.5% of films shown had to be British and in 1935 this was upped to 20%.

47
Q

When were the first sound films produced?

A

1927

48
Q

What was a picture palace?

A

A more respectable cinema attracting the middle class.

49
Q

How many cinema tickets were sold per week in the 30s?

A

18 to 19 million.

50
Q

How many films did people watch per week in the early 30s?

A

2.6

51
Q

What % of tax revenue of entertainment did cinema provide in the 30s and how did this compare to other forms such as football ticket sales?

A

Yielded £5.6 million as opposed to £470,000 in football, tickets.

52
Q

Name some early films that were a social commentary.

A

The Pleasure Garden, London Love

53
Q

When and why did war films become popular? And give some examples.

A

The 50s, this was to reassure the British public of their place on the world stage and calm anxieties. Examples include, The Bridge on the River Kwai, The Dam Busters, Sink the Bismark.

54
Q

What were social realist films and give examples.

A

Films that reflected the everyday experience of the working class. E.g A taste of honey

55
Q

What did a clockwork orange in 1971 represent?

A

Growing fears over the growth of violence and hooliganism.

56
Q

What was the light programme?

A

A BBC radio station formed in 1945 which played music and entertainment shows.

57
Q

How did the Beatles reflect their time?

A

They had bright, cheerful, optimistic pop music which fit in with the public mood.

58
Q

What was roots reggae?

A

A form of reggae that described the influence of black people in the UK and was against racism.

59
Q

What was the most popular music in the 70s?

A

Feel good pop music such as Elton John, The Bee Gees and Queen.

60
Q

Give an example of a popular pirate radio station?

A

Radio Caroline, 10 million audience in 1964

61
Q

How many radio stations were there in 1967?

A

Four all BBC, radio 1, 2, 3 and 4

62
Q

Why was radio one created?

A

To play pop music and compete with pirate radio.

History (britain) (11 decks)

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