Popes Flashcards
Who was the first person / origin of the pope’s power?
St. Peter
Why was Peter influential for the pope (2 reasons)?
- Pope is successor of peter
2. Jesus gave Peter authority over church (peter is foundation of church)
What cities were the five patriarchs?
Rome Constantinople Alexandria Antioch Jerusalem
Who was Damascus I? When was he pope? What did he do?
‘Pope 366-384
Defended against Appolinarianism / Ariaism
Commissioned Latin Vulgate translation of Bible
First to declare himself the Apostolic See (rep. of the Apostles)
Who was Siricus? When was he pope? What did he do?
Pope 384-399
First to be called Pope
Made a decree graanting the pope supreme church authority
Who was Innocent I? When was he pope? What did he do?
Pope 402-416 - when capital moved to Ravenna (less power)
Did not defnd against the Visigoths, but introduced “primacy of jurisdiction” (all locations confirm choices with central authority)
Who was Pope Leo the Great? When was he pope? What did he do?
Pope 440 - 461
Makes argument about Peter’s descendants’ power
Prevents attacks
Took the title “Pontificus Maximus” - power
Oversaw Council of Chaceldon (usu. done by emperor) - power
Who was Gelasius I? When was he pope? What did he do?
Pope 492-496
First to take “vicar of Christ”
Pope held spiritual authority, Emperor held temporal authority
Who was Gregory the Great? When was he pope? What did he do?
Inaugurated 590
A monk, did not want to be pope Gave food to the needy Rebuilt aqueducts, negotiated peace Made the idea of a "Just War" Made the idea of Purgatory - considered part of why church fell from grace, issues with indulgences
Who was Boniface II? When was he pope? What did he do?
Pope 607
First to use “Universal bishop” - given by the Emperor, POWER
Beginning of abuse of power
What happened in the Period of Instability (4 sub points)?
Abuse of political and social power
Pope Nicolas I - “pornarchy”
17 popes in 58 years
Simony - buying positions (usu. unqualified)
Nicolationism (breach of celibacy) was common
Who was Gregory VII / Hildebrand? When was he pope? What did he do?
Pope 1073-1085
Peak of papacy
Made priests be celibate (previously married - wives brushed aside)
Excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor - he begs to be let back (POWER OF POPE)
Who was Innocent III? When was he pope? What did he do?
Pope 1198-1216
Most powerful time of papacy
Taught Pope is btwn God and man - salvation was found through the church (power)
More mystic time - Also teaches TRANSUBATANTIATION (communion become body / blood)
Who was Boniface VIII? When was he pope? What did he do?
Pope 1294-1303
Decline in papal power
Declares that the pope had spiritual and temporal authority (Pope is all powerful)
Power got to his head, altered his position
Failed conflict resolution
Tried to stop taxation of Clergy (shut down by political leaders by taxing jewels instead)
