POPCORN 4 Flashcards
In 1956, the American educational psychologist ____proposed a system of classifying different types of learning in terms of the degree of complexity of the mental processes involved. He identified eight basic types and arranged these in the hierarchy.
Robert M. Gagné
Gagne’s Hierarchy of Learning
(upper to lower) problem solving rule learning concept learning multiple discrimination verbal association chaining stimulus response learning signal learning
Simplest form of learning.
Consists essentially of the classical conditioning first described by the behavioral psychologist Pavlov.
signal learning
The responses are___ and the learning is involuntary.
diffuse and emotional
Also known as operant conditioning
stimulus response learning
Exemplified by animal training, the animal makes precise response to specific stimuli
The responses in signal learning are diffuse and emotional, the responses in stimulus-response learning are fairly precise.
stimulus response learning
More advanced form of learning in which the subject develops the ability to connect two or more previously-learned stimulus-response bonds into a linked sequence.
chaining
In this type of learning the person links together previously learned stimulus-response.
chaining
Seems to occur so naturally that we do not notice the specific series of events which led to it.
chaining
A form of chaining in which the links between the items being connected are verbal in nature.
Key processes in the development of language skills
verbal assoication
Seen when the learner is able to perform different responses to a series of similar stimuli that may differ in a systematic way.
discrimination learning
Involves developing the ability to make a consistent response to different stimuli that form a common class or category of some sort.
concept learning
It forms the basis of the ability to generalize, classify
concept learning
This involves being able to learn relationships between two or more concepts and apply them in different situations, new or old.
It is the basis of learning general rules or procedures.
rule learning
Involves developing the ability to invent a complex rule or procedure for the purpose of solving one particular problem and other problems of a similar nature
rule learning
speaks to the understanding that every student learns differently.
learning styles
This benefits the learners by interacting with other learners. These learners will play off with the ideas of others.
Interpersonal Learning
“Solitary learners”
They prefer a learning environment without interaction.
Intrapersonal Learning
“Physical Learners”
They enjoy movement and exercise as they learn.
Kinesthetic Learners
“Linguistic Learning Style”
These learners make the most out of both the written and the verbal word. They look to facilitate roundtable discussions, classroom debates, and more sharing of ideals.
Verbal Learning
One of the most popular learning styles.
These learners prefer to learn through flow charts, diagrams, mind maps, and many infographics
Visual Learners
“Mathematical Style Learners”
Math itself is all about simplification and reasoning. When teaching, give the logical learners the clearest explanation possible.
These types of students enjoy working on problems and figuring out the answer to problems.
Logical Learners
They prefer lessons that are very objective in nature. Provide information through bullet points, to-do list, and give students a chance to think strategically.
Logical Learners
“Oral Learners or Music Learners”
These learners make the most of sound, rhyme, jingles, and music.
Emotional connection to sound and music leads to better comprehension.
Auditory Learners
speaks of a four-stage cycle of learning as well as four independent learning styles.
David A. Kol
The student must immerse themselves fully and openly in new experiences.
Concrete Experience
During or after this concrete experience, we often reflect on what we did, what went well and what didn’t go so well. This is referred to as ___
Reflective Observation.
We generate new understanding about ourselves and our practices that inform the way we work.
The learner creates concepts that integrate their observations into theories.
Abstract Conceptualization
We then experiment by trying out these new ideas or conceptualize as part of the learning process through what is called ___
Active Experimentation.
How we approach a task.
Processing Continuum
Our emotional response about it.
Perception Continuum
REFLECTOR
Learn by experiencing the problem/skill for myself and looking back at how it worked or didn’t work to change my practice.
Diverging
THEORIST
To learn, I don’t need to have experienced the problem/situation but may have watched someone else experience this to think of a different way of working.
Assimilating
PRAGMATIST
Learn by thinking of a way to do something, then doing it without having prior experience of the skill, problem, or situation.
Converging
ACTIVIST
Prefer to learn by doing the task and feeling the experience for myself.
Accommodating
Individuals engage a global organization of the surrounding field and perceive the parts of the field as fluent.
Field Dependence
Learners depend on cues and structure from their environment then make the learning process contingent on their experience in that environment.
Field Dependence
Tend to have short attention spans and are easily distracted.
Field Dependence
More socially oriented, less achievement oriented and less competitive.
Field Dependence
Discern the parts of the field, distinct from the organized background.
Field Independence
Learners are characterized by their analytical approach and abilities to problem solving.
Field Independence
Using concrete ability. They detect and register information through their five senses.
Concrete Sequential
They take a trial and error approach. They are divergent and inventive in their learning approach.
Concrete Random
Analyze information and think in concepts, as well as theorize. They like to take the logical and intellectual approach.
Abstract Sequential
Absorbs ideas and information through reflection, and are influenced by emotion and feelings.
Abstract Random
This involves creating vivid mental images to remember information and enjoy viewing pictures, videos, maps, and charts.
-Visual Learning Style
Complex mathematical calculations and Problem solving and experimentation
-Logical Learning Style
Drawing and painting
-Visual Learning Style
Recognizing melodies and tonal patterns and playing musical instruments
-Aural Learning Style
Communication, both verbal and non-verbal and Establishing relations with others
-Interpersonal Learning Style
This involves sensing the feelings, intentions, and motivations of others
-Interpersonal Learning Style
Analyzing language and listening
-Aural Learning Style
This involves introspect and self-reflect and a keen awareness of the own inner state of being
-Interpersonal Learning Style
Speaking and Storytelling
Verbal Learning Style
Evaluating one’s own thoughts and emotion and understanding one’s role in relationship with others.
-Intrapersonal Learning Style
