POPCORN 3 Flashcards
does not simply involve relaying information to the students, it is complex.
Teaching
A system of operations that needs careful organization and should Include:
Planning
Revision
Assessment
Implementation
Setting goals for teaching, from the scale of an entire semester (syllabus) to a single class (lesson plan).
Planning
Revising your pedagogy will help your students learn and keep you interested. If you keep your focus on student learning, you will find a richer meaning to the typical lecture/discussion/test/grade process.
Revision
Actively and regularly assess what your students have learned.
Assessment
A teacher must implement these plans, and try new ideas. This can help improve teaching skills.
Implementation
Described this adjustive act of the teacher
Fred Stocking
Requires teachers to make the most out of a given situation. A dominant role may be assumed, and other times, there is minimal interference on his student’s learning or possibly no interference at all.
TEACHING AS AN ADJUSTIVE ACT
Made different suggestions as to what the adjustive role of the teacher is.
Mario Fantine
Mario Fantine’s alternatives
Free Free-open Open Open-modified Modified-standard Standard
Learner-directed and controlled. Learners have complete freedom over his own education.
Free
Opening of school and its resources for the community, with a non-competitive environment and an education system viewed as a social system rather than the course of studies. More learner-centered.
free-open
Learners have the freedom to choose from a variety of content areas given approval by the teacher, parent, and student. Resource centers for skill areas made available to the learner.
open
Teacher-student planning or teacher-centered planning.
Open-Modified
Competitive environment, with school as the major instructional setting. Subject-matter centered.
Modified-Standard
Learner adheres to institution requirements as prescribed: what is to be taught, how, when, where, and with whom. Teacher is the instructor and the evaluator. Passing and failing based on normative standards of education.
Standard
Described It as a dimension of effective teaching, and a process through which an effective classroom environment is created.
Good and Brophy
It focuses on student behavior, especially discipline problems, and deals with issues of low learning motivation and poor self-esteem.
Campbell
It refers broadly to all activities that teachers carry out in the classroom. It aims to promote student involvement and cooperation.
Sanford
It emphasizes the education value of promoting the growth of students. Its focus is also on proactive and developmental classroom practices rather than those with negative features of control and punishment.
McCaslin and Good
recognized the importance of developing the learner’s intellect by subjecting him to a series of thought-provoking questions.
Socrates
Helping to formulate the goals of education: selecting content and stating objectives.
Helping to formulate the goals of education: selecting content and stating objectives.
Creating intentions regarding instructional strategies and tactics.
Instructing Phase
Evaluating the appropriateness of objectives of instruction, and the validity and reliability of the devices used to measure learning.
Evaluating Phase
“Teaching draws its basic principles and procedures from many sources, but chiefly from psychology, sociology, philosophy, and of course, pedagogy and educational history.”
Nervig and Klausmeier
Singled out psychology as the most significant discipline from which the essence of teaching is derived. Thus, he defined teaching as “stimulation, guidance, direction, or encouragement of learning.”
William Burton
Suggested that “Teachers need to know how children learn, and how they depend on motivation, readiness, and reinforcement. But they similarly need to know how to teach-how to motivate pupils, assess their readiness, act on the assessment, present the subject, maintain discipline, and shape a cognitive structure”
Gage
Teaching is defined as the transmission of knowledge for the maintenance of social order. It is the process by which an individual learns to conform to the norms of his social group.
Sociological Perspective
Teaching derives its goals and priorities: on pedagogy, its methodology and procedures; and on educational history, its beginning, present courses of action, and directions.
Philosophy
This is the simplest form of learning according to Gagne_
-Signal Learning
This type of learning styles has the preference to learn through pictures and images and are good at spatial understanding.
-Visual
Involves developing the ability to make a consistent response to different stimuli that form a common class or category of some sort.
Concept Learning
He formulated the Experiential model of learning
-David Kolb
In Gagne’s hierarchy of learning, this involves developing the ability to invent a complex rule or procedure for the purpose of solving one particular problem___
-Problem Solving
