Pop Quiz 1

Question 1

The uterine fundus is the portion of the uterus superior to the:
round ligament
fallopian tube origins
uterine artery
cervix

Answer 1

fallopian tube origins

Question 2

Which of the following muscles is seen sono laterally to the urinary bladder?
piriformis
levator ani
psoas
obturator internus

Answer 2

obturator internus

Question 3

Average ovarian volume in a normal premenopausal woman ranges from:

8. 5 to 5.5cm3
9. 9 to 4.9cm3
10. 3 to 3.0cm3
11. 3cm3 or less

Answer 3

5.3 to 3.0cm3

Question 4

During the luteal phase, which hormone is increasingly produced to maintain the secretory endometrium?
estrogen
fsh
progesterone
GnRH
none of the above

Answer 4

progesterone

Question 5

The postmenopausal ovaries become increasingly difficult to visualize sono. This may be due to all of the following except:

• eventual cessagtion of follicle formation
• gradual decrease in size due to diminished ovarian perfusion
• unresponsiveness to pituitary gonadotropins
• increase in overall size, most commonly b/c of neoplastic growth

Answer 5

*increase in overall size, most commonly b/c of neoplastic growth

Question 6

Clinical symptoms associated w/ leiomyomas include all of the following except:
menometrorrhagia
abdominal distention
amenorrhea
no symptoms or complaints

Answer 6

amenorrhea

Question 7

Arcuate arteries are found in which layer of the uterus?
muscularis
mucosa
serosa

Answer 7

muscularis

Question 8

The urinary bladder is adequately full for TA imaging:

• when the uterus is displaced posteriorly to the sacrum
• when the dome of the bladder is at the level of the cardinal ligament
• when the pt begins to complain of discomfort
• when both ovaries are visualized in the adnexa
• when the dome of the bladder extends above the uterine fundus

Answer 8

when the dome of the bladder extends above the uterine fundus

Question 9

With TV scanning, the ovaries may be located by finding which of the following nearby landmarks?
the iliac artery and vein
the coccygeus muscles
the sacral prominence
the ovarian ligament

Answer 9

the iliac artery and vein

Question 10

The true pelvis is defined as being located inferior to an imaginary plane running from the:

• symphysis pubis to the coccyx
• iliac crest to the sacrum
• umbilicus to the sacral prominence
• sacral prominence to the symphysis pubis

Answer 10

sacral prominence to the symphysis pubis

Question 11

The uterus is measured transversely through the:
isthmus
corpus
fundus
cornual region

Answer 11

corpus

Question 12

Follicles are commonly identified in what part of ovarian parenchyma?
cortex
hilum
medulla
none of the above

Answer 12

cortex

Question 13

A variation in uterine position, whereby the fundus of the uterus is directed posteriorly while the cervix is angled anteriorly at 90 degrees to the vagina, is termed:
retroverted/retroflexed
anteflexed
retroflexed
retroverted/anteflexed

Answer 13

retroflexed

Question 14

A pt is referred for a pelvic sonogram b/c of RLQ pain. The serum pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following isn't a possible consideration?
appendicitis
hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
endometriosis
ectopic pregnancy
PID

Answer 14

ectopic pregnancy

Question 15

The serum CA125 marker may be false-positive in the presence of some benign gynecologic conditions.
true
false

Answer 15

true

Question 16

If a uterine malformation is identified, the sonographer should evaluate which organs?
liver
pancreas
abdominal aorta and IVC
kidneys

Answer 16

kidneys

Question 17

In the presence of estrogen, what happens to the endometrium?

• the mucosa proliferates
• it sloughs and is expelled, with only basal cells remaining
• fluid begins to accumulate in the endometrial cavity
• endometrial tissue regresses

Answer 17

the mucosa proliferates

Question 18

What specific structure of the ovary produces progesterone?
graafian follicle
medulla
functional cysts
corpus luteum

Answer 18

corpus luteum

Question 19

A Krukenberg’s tumor should be considered in which of the following circumstances?

• when the pt presents w/ a family hx of ovarian carcinoma
• in postmenopausal pt w/ vaginal bleeding and an enlarged uterus
• when bilateral solid ovarian masses are identified in a pt w/ a hx of gastic carcinoma
• any time free fluid is seen in the posterior cul-de-sac

Answer 19

when bilateral solid ovarian masses are identified in a pt w/ a hx of gastric carcinoma

Question 20

Which of the following isn’t a sonographic feature of the graafian follicle?

• 2.5cm cyst in the ovary
• Low resistance Doppler waveform around the periphery of the cyst
• Low level echoes throughout the cyst
• Possible presence of a small echogenic thickening at the internal edge of the cyst

Answer 20

Low level echoes throughout the cyst

Question 21

What hormone(s) is (are) released by the pituitary gland?
gonadotropin releasing hormone
luteinizing hormone
estrogen
progesterone
more than one of the above

Answer 21

luteinizing hormone

Question 22

Clinical signs of PID include all of the following except:

• complex adnexal mass w/ a tubular hypoechoic component
• purulent vaginal discharge
• lower abdominal pain and fever
• vaginal bleeding

Answer 22

complex adnexal mass w/ a tubular hypoechoic component

Question 23

The central echogenic line of the endometrial cavity represents:

• hydrometra
• polyp formation
• the apposition of the 2 sides of the endo tissue
• the basal layer of the endo that sheds during menses

Answer 23

the apposition of the 2 sides of the endometrial tissue

Question 24

W/ increasing age, the ovaries become unresponsive to gonadotropins and stop production of:
estrogen
dominant follicles
progesterone
all of the above

Answer 24

all of the above

Question 25

Ovarian blood supply is predominantly via the:
gonadal arteries
internal iliac arteries
terminal branch of the uterine-vaginal artery
none of the above

Answer 25

gonadal arteries